World Civ Quiz 3 (12-14)

What were the 2 important developments in ancient Afro-Eurasia, that stimulated long-distance trade

Rulers investing in roads and bridges, and the growth of imperial states

During what era did long-distance trade increase?

The Hellenistic Era

What type of colonies attracted the Greek Merchants of the Hellenistic Era?

Colonies established by Alexander the Great and the Seleucid’s

Who controlled the land routes that linked several regions?

The Seleucids colonies

Who maintained both land routes and sea lanes, and built new ports

The Ptolemies

What enabled mariners to sail reliably to all parts of the Indian Ocean basin?

The knowledge of the pattern of the monsoon winds

How did Hellenistic rulers closely supervised foreign trade?

Levied taxes on it

Goods from South Asia

pepper, cosmetics, gems and pearls

Goods from Persia and Egypt

Grain

Goods from the Med

Wine, olive oil, jewelry, and art

Rhapta

A port that emerged as the principal commercial center on the East African Coast

Developments of Trade

Coins came into general use, exchange iron for ivory, rhino horns, turtle shells and people

Han Dynasty during Silk Road era

Maintained order in China and much of Central Asia including access to Bacteria and the West

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Silk Roads

Extensive network of trade routes that link Eurasia and North Africa

Characteristics of Silk Road

Caravan trade used over lands roads, use of sea lanes

What did all regions trade?

Ensalved people

What were Rhinos horns used for?

Used as medication

Swahili

A coastal language, use in trading in Africa at ports

What did Central Asia and the Med lands produce?

Horses, jade, glassware, art, bronze, iron goods, olive oil and wine

How did goods travel?

passed from the hands of one subject to the hands of the next

What religion was the most prominent of the Silk Roads merchants?

Buddhism

Rama

Ruler or King

Manichaeism

A faith derived from the prophet Mani

Dualist

Viewed the world as the site of a cosmic struggle between light and darkness, good and evil

Epidemic disease

Small pox, measles, and Bubonic plague

Sinicization

The process of coming under the influence of Chinese language, societal norms, and ethnic identity

How many barracks emperors seized power briefly

26 barracks emperors

The Tetrarchs

A co-emperor and powerful lieutenant

Constantine new capital city of the unified Roman Empire

Constantinople

The Mingling of Roman and Germanic traditions let to a new society…..

Medieval Europe

Which religion was the most prominent survivor for the western Roman Empire

Christianity

Who made Christianity the state religion?

Theodocious

Who was the bishop of the Northern African city Hippo?

Saint Augustine

Who was Saint Augustine

Converted to Catholicism, worked to reconcile Catholics with Greek and Roman philosophical traditions

The New Testament

27 short writing as the canonical scriptures

Hierarchy of Catholicism

The bishop, patriarchs, and bishop who presided over dioceses

Hypostatic Union

The belief that Jesus is fully human and fully divine

How were disputes in the church combated?

Assembled church councils such as the council of Nicaea

Spiritual leader of Catholicism

The Pope

Who was made the first pope?

Peter

Where did Islam arise?

The Arabian Peninsula

Bedouin

Nomadic peoples who kept herds of sheep, goats, and camels, organized family in clan groups

What does Islam mean?

Submission, signifying obedience

Muhammad

Born in Mecca, orphaned, married into wealth, merchant

Muhammad Wife

Khadijah

Muhammad s Teachings

Only one true deity Allah, idolatry is evil, Allah would bring judgment to the wicked

The name of Muhammad Movement

Hija (migration)

What is the starting point of the official Islamic migration

The Hija

Quran

Central text, accounting Muhammad’s revelations

Hadith

Included sayings attributing to the Islamic religion

What did Muhammad refer to himself as?

The final prophet

Foundational principles of Islam

Belief in one god, pray to Allah while facing Mecca 5 times a day, observe Ramadan, contribute alms for the weak, make one Haji to Mecca

Jihad

A personal struggle

Different Jihads

Spiritual and moral obligations to combat good and evil, struggle of ignorance, waging war of unbelievers

Sharia Law

Guidance on proper behavior in matters of marriage, family, enslavement, business, politics, and crime

Muslims who want Abu Bukr to be the leader

Sunnis (secular)

Muslins who want Ali to be the leader of Caliph

Shiites (majority in Iran)

How did Islam expand?

Conversion and military force

After the death of Ail who rose up out of Damascus?

Umayyad Caliphs

Capital city of Baghdad

Abbasid Caliph

Suti’s

The most intimate relationship a person can have is with Allah

The Crusades

Series of clashes between the Christian Europe and the Islamic regions

Who threaten Constantinople?

The Seljuk Turks

The Byzantine Empire

Formally known as the Roman Empire

What did Alexius I ask Pope Urban II

To protect Constantinople and liberate the holy cities

What language is the Church in the west’s bible written in ?

Latin

What language is the Church of the East bible written in?

Greek

Who did Pope Urban II call for the Crusade’s against?

Unbelievers, and a curse race

How did Pope Urban II justify the Crusades?

Said God gives us grace to kill them

Who conquered a weakened Byzantine Empire in 1451?

The Ottoman Turks

What is the new name of Constantinople?

Istanbul

When is the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

1918

Who left for the holy land?

European nobles, peasants, and religious Zeal

Why did the European nobles leave to the Holy Land

They were promised some wealth and land

Weaknesses of the people leaving for the Holy Land?

Knew very little about the land, culture, and terrain

Who held the schism between the east and west churches

Pope Urban II

The First crusades lasted from….

1096 - 1099

Why were Jews killed in Europe?

Blamed for all the problems, and the death of Jesus Christ

Who took over Jerusalem in 1099

French Knights

Who was massacred by the French Knights?

Muslim, Jewish, and some Christians

Who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?

Saladin

3rd Crusade

Richard I of Englands negatives a settlement with Saladin to allow Christinas pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

What happened during the 4th crusades?

Permanently separated the Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church

Battle of Acre

Last Christian outpost, North of Jerusalem, wiped out completely

Why were Children gathered up to fight?

The church called them too, many died, or were enslaved

Result of the Crusades?

Increased wealth of Genoa, Venice, and Italian Peninsula, beginning of Jewish persecution, fall of Feudialism, alliances, and technology

Technology post Crusades

Ships, Maps and Weapons

Development of Universities

Oxford and Cambridge taught about the Crusades, and a need for priests

Griots

Story tellers who passed down stories, song, and poems

In many African societies, what was central to many celebrations and rituals?

Music and Dance

What led to development of wealthy kingdoms and city-states in East Africa?

The growth of trade

Where did the kingdom of Aksum do trade by?

The Red Sea

Most powerful kingdom of East Africa?

Aksum

Capital of Aksum?

Adulis, a thriving sea ports

Who in the Aksum kingdom, took down the Kushitites?

King Ezana

Aksum written language

Ge’ez

Who was the first kingdom south of the Saharan dessert to use gold for coins?

Aksum

How did the Aksum kingdom keep records.

On pillars throughout the cities

What caused the decline of the Aksum empire?

Muslim invaders