Chapt 14 vocab

Nucleus-

Organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA

Mitosis-

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps ( prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)

Chromosome-

structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material

Aesexual reproduction-

a type of reproduction- fission, budding, and regeneration-in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism

Organism-

any living thing; uses energy, is made of cells, reproduce, responds, grows, and develops

Sexual reproduction-

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.

Sperm-

haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs

Egg-

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization-

in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg

Zygote-

new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism

Diploid-

cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs

Haploid-

cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Meiosis-

reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms

Heredity-

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

DNA-

the genetic basis material of all organism; made up of two twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen

RNA-

a type of nuclei acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Gene-

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins

Mutation-

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism