INDUSTRIALIZATION, TRANSNATIONALISM, GLOBALIZATION

Benefits of industrial agriculture

Food more accessible, abondant, and less expensive than ever in history

Environmental consequences of industrial agriculture

Deforestation, biodiversity loss, pollution, intensive water use, climate change

Limits of progress of environmental impact

Problem with overconsumption and overpopulation

Homoestasis (New Guinea)

Raised pigs and ate then in ritual feasts only — slaughtered bc they had a huge pig overpopulation problem

What is making us destroy the world?

The fact that we view ourselves as separate from nature when we are apart of it

Human exceptionalism

We have a distinct role others dont (we aren’t part of nature)

Human exceptionalism is against

Anthropocene

Environmental migrants / refugees

Claiming refugee status bc island will be uninhabitable in a few years

Anthro in migration

Humans have always been moving

Pastoralists (herding)

Herders — acquire food by raising, caring for, domesticated animals — living off their products

Advantages of herding

Good for adapting, vegetation from grasslands, adaptation in deserts, grasslands, mountains

Cattle herders

Move bc of rainy and dry seasons — following its blooming

Today’s biggest demographic shifts in human history

Most ppl moving to cities (urbanization)

New slavery (temporary foreign workers)

Seasonal, agriculture workers for limited time, underpaid, abused, injured, involves transnationalism

90s assumption of transnationalism

Weakening of the state

Migrants navigating state power in transnationalism

Migration is seen as more and more of a threat, deportations, letting less immigrations happen

Transnational social relations (Anthony Giddens)

Tenuous connections, maintained but not geo located (remittances, internet)

Internet paradox

We are more connected but its making us more alienated

Internet seen as democratizing force

Info flows more and more but its also tearing us apart

Transnationalism challenges culture

Pulls us apart, not intertwined directly with homeland, differences in society, rituals, everyday life, only connected by internet and remittances