WK3 Cellular Metabolism A&P
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19 Terms
What is catabolism?
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
What is anabolism?
Converts small molecules into larger ones. The synthesis of new organic compounds is an 'uphill' process that forms new chemical bonds
Functions of anabolism?
Perform structural maintenance or repairs
Support growth
Produce secretions
Store nutrient reserves
What is metabolism?
Sum of all chemical & physical changes that occur in body tissues
What is metabolic activity?
Organic molecules are broken down to obtain energy, stored as ATP
What is oxidation?
The loss of hydrogen or electrons
What is reduction?
The gain of hydrogen or electrons
What is the electron transport chain?
Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons, down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP
What do coenzymes do?
transport hydrogen atoms and other small molecules between enzymes
What is carbohydrate metabolism?
the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy
What is cellular respiration?
process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
What does glycolysis do?
Breaks glucose in cytosol into smaller molecules that can be used by mitochondria, not requiring oxygen
What does glycolysis require?
Glucose molecules
Appropriate cytosolic enzymes
ATP and ADP
Inorganic phosphate groups
NAD (coenzyme)
What is aerobic metabolism?
The creation of energy through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen.
What is contained in the outer membrane mitochondria?
Large pores, permeable to ions and small molecules such as pyruvate
What is contained in the inner membrane mitochondria?
Carrier proteins that moves pyruvate into mitochondrial mix
What is contained in the intermembrane space mitochondria?
Separates inner and outer membrane
What is the citric acid cycle?
series of redox reactions that result in the breaking down of glucose to CO2
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Generation of ATP through transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by a sequence of electron carriers within mitochondria