ANPS EXAM 3 Lecture 1- Lecture 2ish

Periphery nerve

a collection of axons in the PNS

Endonerium

c.t surrounding a single axon ad its myelin sheaths.

Perineurium

c.t surounding a fascicle

Epinerium

c.t surrounding the whole nerve

Sensory neuron

send info into the cns (afferent)

Motor neuron

takes info from the cns and produces output/ motor response. (efferent)

Interneurons

connects motor and sensory neurons

shape of sensory neurons

pseudunipolar

where is the senory neurons CB located?

outside the CNS in the ganglion

Dorsal root ganglion

cluster of sensory neurons cell bodies

sensory nerurons way of collecting information

collects information from the periphery and take it to the CNS.

shape of motor neurons

multipolar

where is the motor neuron CB located

in the CNS, specifically the spinal cord- ventral horn

somatic sensory

sensory neurons

somatic motor

motor neurons

how many spinal nerves are there?

31

How many cranial nerves are there

12

spinal segment 

a section of the spinal cord that has a pair of spinal nerves.

each spinal segment has a …..

spinal nerve. Sensory coming in and motor coming out

Mention the vertebral column divison

cervical , thoraic, lumbar, sacral and cocoyx

Dorsal root

carrying only sensory information in

ventral root

carrying only motor information out

spinal nerve

motor and sensory neuron come together

sensory come into the CNS through

dorsal root

motor neurons leaves the CNS through

ventral root

Ventral 

front 

dorsal

back

grey matter

contains parts of neuron that are unmyelinated

white matter

conatins lots of myelinated axons

descending / motor tracts

signals going from the brain down

ascending/ sensory tracts

signals going up to the brain

what doe the white matter contain besides myelinated axons

motor tracts and senory tracts

Meninges 

c.t surrounding the brain and spinal cords. Contains 3 layers - DAP

whats the outer most layer regarding meninges?

Dura mater - tough collagen fiber layer

whats the second layer regarding meninges?

arachnoid mater

whats the third (inner) layer regarding meninges?

Pia mater- stuck to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, but can’t be peeled off. 

what’s in between the arachoid mater and pia mater ?

subarachnoid space

subarachnoid space

a space filled with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid )

dermatome

a patch of skin that is innervated by sensory neurons at a specific spinal segment

myotome

specific spinal segments have motor neurons that corresponds to motor neurons.

Cauda Equina

a collection of spinal nerves below the spinal cord. (L1 vertebrae)

Conus medullaris

end of the spinal cord. (L1)

filum terminale

strand of pia mater that is anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. (tailbone)

nerve plexus

spinal nerve intertwine with each other

what’s the key branch of cervical plexus 

phrenic nerve 

phrenic nerve 

innervates diaphagm muscles, allowing us to breath. (C3, 4, 5 keeps diaphragm alive )

Brachial plexus

innervates upper limb 

lumbar plexus

innervate thigh

lumbosacral plexus

innervate muscles in our lower extremity

Axillary nerve

innervates 2 muscles of shoulder

Musculocutaneous nerve

innervates anterior arm muscles

median nerve

innervates most of anterior forearm and thumb muscles

Ulnar nerve

innervates muscles in anterior forearm and most muscles within hand

radial nerve

innervated all muscles in the posterior arm and forearm