DPT 700 - Muscle Cheat Sheet

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

Spinous process of T6-T12, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

floor of Intertubecular sulcus (groove) of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi Nerve Innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7,C8)

Latissimus Dorsi Action

Extends, adduction and medial rotation at shoulder joint

Trapezius Origin

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12

Trapezius Insertion

lateral third of clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula

Trapezius Nerve Innervation

Spinal accessory nerve (motor fibers); C3-C4 (pain and proprioception)

Trapezius Action

Descending fibers: Elevates scapula; Middle fibers (or all together): retracts scapula; Ascending fibers: depresses

Levator Scapula Origin

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

Levator Scapula Insertion

Medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to root of spine

Levator Scapula Nerve Innervation

dorsal scapular nerve (C5), upper part receives from branches of C3 and C4

Levator Scapula Action

Elevates the scapula; rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly

Rhomboid Major Origin

Spinous process of T2-T5

Rhomboid Major Insertion

medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Rhomboid Major Nerve Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Rhomboid Major Action

retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

Rhombiod Minor Origin

Spinous process of C7-T1

Rhombiod Minor Insertion

medial border of scapula above major

Rhombiod Minor Nerve Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Rhombiod Minor Action

retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Capitis Origin

Spinous process of C7-T3, nuchal ligament

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Capitis Insertion

Mastoid process, lateral third of the superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Capitis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Capitis Action

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to side of active muscle Acting bilaterally: extend the head and neck

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Cervicis Origin

Spinous process of T3-T6, nuchal ligament

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Cervicis Insertion

tubercles of tranverse process of C1-C3 or C4

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Cervicis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Spinotransversalis group: Splenius Cervicis Action

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the neck and rotate the head to side of active muscle Acting bilaterally: extend the head and neck

Erector Spinae Spinalis Origin

These all arise from broad tendon from: posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinosus processes, suprapinous ligament

Erector Spinae Spinalis Insertion

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis; fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to the cranium

Erector Spinae Spinalis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Erector Spinae Spinalis Action

Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement vie eccentric contraction Acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

Erector Spinae Longissimus Origin

These all arise from broad tendon from: posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinosus processes, suprapinous ligament

Erector Spinae Longissimus Insertion

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis; fibers tun superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process of temporal bone

Erector Spinae Longissimus Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Erector Spinae Longissimus Action

Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement vie eccentric contraction Acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Origin

These all arise from broad tendon from: posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinosus processes, suprapinous ligament

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Insertion

lumborum, thoracic, and cervicis; fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical tranverse processes

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Action

Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement vie eccentric contraction Acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

Transversospinalis group: Semispinalis Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Origin

Transverse process of C4-T10

Transversospinalis group: Semispinalis Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Insertion

Fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical region, spanning 4-6 segments

Transversospinalis group: Semispinalis Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Transversospinalis group: Semispinalis Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Action

extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally (bilateral extension, ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation)

Transversospinalis Multifidus Origin

Posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine of the ilium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammilary processes of lumbar vertebrea, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7

Transversospinalis Multifidus Insertion

thickest in lumbar region; fibers pass obliquely supermomedially to entire length of spinous processes, locates 2-4 segments suprior to proximal attachment

Transversospinalis Multifidus Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Transversospinalis Multifidus Action

unilateral: rotate to contralateral side, stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

Transversospinalis Rotatores Origin

arise from transverse processes of vertebrae; best developed in thoracic region

Transversospinalis Rotatores Insertion

fibers pass superomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediatly or 2 segments superior to vertebra of attachment

Transversospinalis Rotatores Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Transversospinalis Rotatores Action

Stabilizes vertebrae and assists with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column; may function as organs of propioception (stablization and rotation of vertibrae individually)

Interspinalis Origin

Spinous process of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Interspinalis Insertion

Spinous process of vertebrae superior to vertebrae of origin

Interspinalis Nerve Innervation

Posterior rami of spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

Interspinalis Action

aid in extension and rotation of vertebral column

Intertransversarii Origin

Transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Intertransversarii Insertion

TPs of adjacent vertebrae

Intertransversarii Nerve Innervation

posterior AND anterior rami of spinal nerves

Intertransversarii Action

aid in lateral flexion; acting bilaterally, stabilize vertebral column

Levatores costarum Origin

tips of TPs of C7 and T1-T11

Levatores costarum Insertion

pass inferolaterally and insert on rib between its tubercle and angle

Levatores costarum Nerve Innervation

posterior rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves

Levatores costarum Action

elevate ribs; assist with respiration; assist with lateral flexion of vertebral column

Obliquus capitis inferior Origin

Spinous process of C2 vertebrae

Obliquus capitis inferior Insertion

Transverse process of vertebra C1 (atlas)

Obliquus capitis inferior Nerve Innervation

Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis inferior Action

postural stabilization, ipsilateral rotation of head

Obliquus capitis superior Origin

Transverse process of vertebra C1

Obliquus capitis superior Insertion

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Obliquus capitis superior Nerve Innervation

Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis superior Action

Extension of the head, postural stablization

Rectus capitis posterior major Origin

Spinous process of vertebra C2

Rectus capitis posterior major Insertion

Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Rectus capitis posterior major Nerve Innervation

Suboccipital nerve

Rectus capitis posterior major Action

Extension of the head, postural stabilization, ipsilateral rotation of head

Rectus capitis posterior minor Origin

Posterior tubercale of posterior arch of vertebra C1 (atlas)

Rectus capitis posterior minor Insertion

Medial third of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

Rectus capitis posterior minor Nerve Innervation

Suboccipital nerve

Rectus capitis posterior minor Action

Extension of the head, postural stablization

Pectoralis Major Origin

Sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 1-6 (sternocostal) medial half of clavicle (clavicular)

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Lateral lip of intertubecular sulcus of humerus

Pectoralis Major Nerve Innervation

Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6, C7), sternocostal head (C8, T1)

Pectoralis Major Action

adduction, medial rotation, flexion (clavicular) and extension (sternocostal) of shoulder joint

Pectoralis Minor Origin

ribs 3-5 near costal cartilage

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor Nerve Innervation

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Pectoralis Minor Action

protraction and downward rotation of the scapula

Serratus Anterior Origin

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs

Serratus Anterior Insertion

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Serratus Anterior Nerve Innervation

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Serratus Anterior Action

protraction, upward rotation, and stabilization of scapula

Deltoid Origin

Lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior fibers), Acromion (middle fibers), and Scapular spine (posterior fibers)

Deltoid Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid Nerve Innervation

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Deltoid Action

Flexion and medial rotation (anterior), abduction (middle), and extension and lateral rotation (posterior) of the shoulder joint

Teres Major Origin

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Teres Major Insertion

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Teres Major Nerve Innervation

Lower subscapular Nerve (C5, C6)

Teres Major Action

adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint