Anatomy Exam - Assignment Questions

Solute contributes to the movement of water between cells and the surrounding medium by ________.

Osmotic Pressure

A cation has a(n) ________ charge.

Positive

Interstitial fluid (IF) is ________.

The fluid that bathes all of the body’s cells except for blood cells

The largest amount of water comes into the body via ________.

Liquids

The largest amount of water leaves the body via ________.

Urine

Insensible water loss is water lost via ________.

Skin evaporation and in air from the lungs

How soon after drinking a large glass of water will a person start increasing their urine output?

30 minutes

Bone serves as a mineral reserve for which two ions?

Calcium and Phosphate

The major cation in extracellular fluid is ________.

Sodium

The major cation in intracellular fluid is ________.

Potassium

The major anion in extracellular fluid is ________.

Chloride

Most of the body’s calcium is found in ________.

Bone

Abnormally increased blood levels of sodium are termed ________.

Hypernatremia

Which two ions are most affected by aldosterone?

Sodium and Potassium

Which explanation best describes why plasma proteins can function as buffers?

Proteins have both positive and negative charges on their surface.

The buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance is ________.

Bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer

Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called ________.

Anuria

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.

Renal Columns

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.

Loops of Henle

The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.

It is displaced by the liver

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.

Bowman’s capsule

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.

The Nephron

________ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.

Hydrostatic

Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.

Proximal convoluted tubule

The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________.

The collecting ducts

What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?

Aldosterone

Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?

Angiotensin II

What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?

Increased blood pressure

Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?

Aldosterone

Renin is released in response to ________.

Decreased blood pressure

Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?

EPO

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

high; low

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.

Internal Respiration

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.

Hyperventilization

Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?

Alveoli

Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?

Alveoli

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

To remove pathogens and debris

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

Fissure

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.

Visceral and parietal pleurae.

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.

Increase in

The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________.

Transpulmonary pressure

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

Residual volume