unit 3.2 PLTW human body systems quiz

what is the function of the cornea?

protects the eye, refracts light entering the eye

what is the function of the lens?

bend light rays to focus them on the retina

what is the function of the iris

colored muscle that controls the amount of light entering the eye

what is the function of the sclera

tough white tissue the protects the eye from injury

what is the function of the retina

contains rods and cones; senses light and creates neural signals

what is the function of the optic nerve

sends signals to the brain's occipital lobe to create images

what is the aqueous humor

the clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea. helps the eye to maintain its shape

what is the function of the pupil

allows light to enter the eye and reach the lens

What is the vitreous humor?

the transparent jellylike tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens.

describe the function of rods and cones in the retina

rods detect light; cones detect color

What is conjuctivitis?

inflammation caused by a virus or bacteria

What is glaucoma?

fluid build up increases eye pressure and damages vision

what is traumatic iridodialysis

internal eye damage from blunt trauma

what is loiasis

Eye worm of Africa- Loa loa

what disease is cause by prions

creutzfeldt jakob disease cjd

how do you contract bacteria and what can it cause

through air; causes tuberculosis

how do you contract helminths and what can they cause

from faces; causes tapeworm infection

how do you contract viruses and what can they cause

from surfaces; causes flu

how do you contract fungi and what can they cause

from soil; causes athlete's foot

list 5 ways to prevent disease

wash hands, sanitize surfaces, avoid sharing personal items, stay vaccinated, cook food thoroughly

what is the epidermis

top layer of skin; protective barrier

what is the dermis

middle layer with collagen, elastin, and immune cells

what is the hypodermis

bottom layer; contains fat and cushions the body

what is sepsis

body's extreme reaction to infection

what is septic shock

severe drop in blood pressure from infection; life-threatening

list 5 steps to prevent disease transmission during travel

Handwashing, avoid unsafe water/food, vaccinations, use insect repellent, wear protective gear.

List 5 items to bring for protection during expeditions.

Insect repellent, clean water, sunscreen, first-aid kit, protective clothing

what is the function of the lymph nodes

filter lymph and destroy pathogens

what is the function of lymphatic vessels

transport white blood cells and balance fluids

what is the function of tonsils

filter bacteria in the throat

what is the function of bone marrow

produces new red and white blood cells

what is the function of the spleen

filters blood and destroys old cells

what is the innate immune system

immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens

what is aquiderd immune system

learns and targets specific pathogens; builds memory

what is macrophage

a large white blood cell that engulfs invaders

what do helper t cells do

activate b cells and coordinate immune response

what do b cells do

produce antibodies

what do memory cells do

remember pathogens for faster future response

what do cytotoxic t cells do

kill virus infected cells and cancer cells

what is antigen

a foreign substance that triggers an immune response

what is an antibody

a protein that binds to and neutralizes antigens

when does the primary immune response occur after a cold

1 week after exposure

when does the secondary immune response occur

after re-exposure, faster and stronger

why is the secondary immune response faster

memory cells are already prepared to respond

what is a virus

a non-living particle with DNA/RNA that need a host to replicate

what is a plaque assay

a method to measure viral spread by counting zones of dead cells

what is not true about antiviral drugs

viruses usually do not become resistant (false)

what is the best treatment for dengue fever

IV fluid therapy and symptom management