Unit 2 Matter and Energy

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

gas

has the most energy but the least attraction between particles, no definite shape, and no definite volume

liquid

less energy and attraction between particles than a gas but more than a solid, no definite shape, and has a definite volume

solid

has the least energy but the most attraction between particles, and has both a definite shape and a definite volume

melting

solid to liquid

freezing

liquid to solid

condensing

gas to liquid

evaportaion/boiling

liquid to gas

subliming 

solid to gas

depositing

gas to solid

pure substance

made of one species that cannot be separated by a physical means

elements

one type of atom

diatomic elements

H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2

compounds

two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded together

mixtures

made of two or more pure substances that are not chemically bonded

homogeneous mixtures

the same throughout

heterogeneous mixtures

not the same throughout, phases are visable

ways that chemical properties can identify substances

flammable, explosive, reacts with water, oxidizes, and corrosive

chemical change

whenever a substance undergoes a chemical rxn

energy

the ability to do work

kinetic energy

energy due to motion

potential energy

energy due to position, composition, and condition

thermal energy

heat flows from a hot object to a cool one

specific heat

the energy required to raise the temperature of exactly 1g of substance 1C

equation for specific heat

q=mC(delta)T

equation for calorimetry

-(mC(delta)T)=(mC(delta)T)

endothermic reactions

heat flows into the reactants

exothermic reactions

heat flows out of the reactants

how does energy move in odd numbers in a heating curve

kinetic increases while potential stays constant

how does energy move in even numbers in a heating curve

kinetic stays constant while potential increases

where is the melting point in this heating curve

point B

where is the boiling point in this heating curve

point D

triple point

where all three phases exist in equilibrium

critical point

where the liquid and gas exists as a supercritical fluid

supercritical fluid

any point past the critical point

melting line

the line between solid and liquid

boiling line

the line between liquid and gas

what is an alloy

a mixture of two metals

what is smoke

a colloid

extensive

dependent on matter

intensive

independent of matter

solutions

homogeneous