Athletic Training Final Review

Complete vocabulary review for an athletic training final, including injury mechanisms, anatomical locations, medical terminology, and legal concepts.

Cervical sprains

Injuries that are usually the result of Hyperextension and Hyperflexion.

Weakest part of the Clavicle

The distal third, which is most commonly fractured.

Acetabulum

Located on the pelvis, this is the socket that the head of the femur articulates with.

Legg-Calve-Perthes Diseas

A condition involving Avasomar Necross, which refers to a disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur.

Shoulder Dislocation Mechanism

The most common mechanism is Abduction and External Rotation.

Stingers/burners

Brachial plexus injuries that are often the result of Stretching of nerves.

Nasal Fracture

An injury an athlete with a deviated septum may also suffer.

De Quervain's tenosynovitis

Tendinitis that affects the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

Saliva purpose

To make it easier for food to be swallowed and to bind food together.

ACL (Knee)

A complete tear of this ligament usually requires surgical reconstruction.

SOAP Note (S portion)

Contains information found from the Patient.

Retina

Structure that lines the back of the eye and contains rods and cones.

Anterior

The most common direction for a shoulder dislocation.

Spearing in football

An action that can result in a Cervical Spine fx.

Kidney contusion

An abdominal injury most likely to cause blood in the urine.

Tendons

Structures that connect muscle to bone.

Scaphoid

The carpal bone found in the anatomical snuffbox.

Hyperventilation

Excessive breathing caused by intense activity or mental stress.

Spinous process

The most posterior process of a vertebra.

Kyphosis

Excessive roundness of the thoracic spine.

Mandible

The most correct name for the jawbone.

Lateral malleolus

The distal end of the fibula.

Anterior Compartment Syndrome

A medical emergency caused by increased pressure in the anterior compartment of the lower leg; nerve damage can occur.

Hip dislocation

An injury that often results in internal rotation of the leg.

Myositis ossificans

The formation of bone tissue within the muscle.

Blowout fracture

An eye injury where the inability to move the eye results from it being trapped in the socket.

Grade $3$ concussion

A concussion where the major determining factor is Loss of consciousness.

Trachea cartilage fracture

Signs include being unable to breathe and spitting up blood.

Ulna

Bone that helps to stabilize the inside, or medial, aspect of the elbow.

Chondromalacia

A softening or wearing away of articular cartilage at the back of the patella.

Detached Retina

An eye injury resulting in the athlete seeing lights, sparks, or flashes that nobody else can see.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural cavity.

Medial Collateral Ligament Protection

A protective knee brace applied to the lateral aspect of the knee is designed to protect this ligament.

Jersey finger

Occurs when a flexor tendon is torn from the distal phalanx, resulting in an inability to straighten the finger.

Spleen location

Located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.

Commotio cordis

A disruption of the heartbeat cycle resulting from a blow to the area directly over the heart at a critical time.

PEARL

The clinical test used when checking for Concussion symptoms.

Lunate

The carpal bone that is most commonly dislocated.

Hyphema

A term for a collection of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye.

Auricle/pinna

The projecting portion of the external ear.

Jones' fracture

An avulsion fracture of the $5th$ metatarsal.

Hoffa's syndrome

Another name for Fat pad syndrome.

Lens

The portion of the eye responsible for focusing light onto the retina.

Abdominal hernia

A protrusion of organs through the abdominal wall.

Labral tear

A hip injury causing tissue to flip into the joint, resulting in catching, groin pain, and restricted range of motion.

Lower chamber of the heart

The left atrium/ventricle.

Little League Elbow

Separation of the epiphysis at the medial aspect of the humerus in younger athletes.

Anular ligament

Holds the radius and ulna together near the elbow joint alongside the interosseous membrane.

Calcaneus

The bone the Achilles tendon attaches to.

Stress Fracture Detection

Commonly detected using MRI/bone scan.

SOAP Note

Considered a legal document.

Glenoid fossa

The part of the scapula that the head of the humerus fits into.

Epistaxis treatment

Treatment includes direct pressure applied to the nose.

Corneal abrasion treatment

Treatment involves the use of eye drops.

Trachea

The passageway for air between the mouth and the lungs.

Colles Fracture

Fracture of the radius and ulna that causes the arm to bend into extension at the fracture site.

Shoulder separation

Injury specifically to the Acromioclavicular joint.

Kehr's sign (Spleen)

An athlete suffering a spleen injury may have pain in the Left shoulder.

National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA)

Formed in $1950$ to give Athletic Trainers ethical guidelines.

Two-joint muscles

Muscles like Hamstrings and quads-rect that are most likely to be strained because they function or cross at two joints.

Sprain vs. Strain (Lumbar)

Sprain involves a ligament whereas a strain involves a muscle.

Conjunctivitis

An eye condition often referred to as pink eye.

Skier's thumb

A sprain to the medial collateral ligament of the thumb.

Tympanic membrane

Medial term for the eardrum.

TFCC

The triangular fibrocartilage complex, located on the medial aspect of the wrist between the ulna and carpal bones.

Hematoma auris

Medical term for Cauliflower ear.

Fracture

Medical term for a break.

Spondylolisthesis

A bony condition whereby one vertebra slips forward on another.

SOAP Note (P portion)

Contains the plan for the patient.

Biceps and Triceps

The triceps is responsible for elbow extension; the biceps is responsible for elbow flexion.

Liver location

Predominately located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen.

Scoliosis

A condition in which an athlete's spine has a lateral deviation rather than running in a straight line.

Hip stability

Stable because it is a ball and socket joint with a deep acetabulum, labrum, good ligaments, and muscles.

Achilles tendonitis

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, usually resulting from repetitive stress.

Boutonniere deformity

A finger deformity where the middle joint bends downwards and the fingertip bends posterolaterally upwards.

Disk bulge direction

Most typically bulges posterolaterally.

Turf toe taping goal

To restrict Hyperextension of the great toe.

Crown

The visible portion of a tooth.

Esophagus

The passageway for food from the mouth to the stomach.

ACL function

Ligament that prevents the tibia from moving forward on the femur.

Lateral Ankle Ligaments

Consists of the Anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament.

Flail chest

Injury occurring when several consecutive ribs are fractured in two or more places.

Rotator cuff muscles

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor, and infraspinatus.

Sclera

The white outer covering of the eye.

Elbow dislocation direction

The ulna most commonly moves Posteriorly on the humerus bone.

Knee flexors

The Hamstrings muscle group.

Cardiac tamponade

Occurs when the thin pericardial sac around the heart fills with fluid, and the pressure may stop the heartbeat.

Weather Slogan

"Hear it, clear it; see it, flee it" used for inclement weather field decisions.

Lightning safety

Safe to return to the field $30$ minutes after the last lightning strike or thunder.

Palmaris Longus

A muscle absent in $12-20\,\%$ of Caucasians.

Leadership principles

The four principles are competence, Responsibility, confidence, and integrity.

Preparticipation examination

Includes Medical History, vital signs, vision screening, Heart and Lung check.

Informed consent

Giving permission for treatment after being made aware of risks.

Assumption of risk

The understanding and accepting of the dangers of an activity.

Negligence

Failure to provide good care and causing harm; or failing to act as a reasonably prudent person would in a similar situation.

Scope of Practice

The duties or services an Athletic Trainer provides.

Anterior

Front of the body.

Posterior

Back of the body.

Ventral

Front or lower side.

Dorsal

The posterior aspect.