ETHNMUS 5 Midterm

China (Beijing), Middle East, Egypt (Cairo), Turkey (Ankara), Iran (Tehran), India (New Delhi)

Music

Humanly organized sound (John Blacking)

Organology

Study of musical instruments and their classifications

Western classification: Wind, String, Percussion

Chinese classification: Based on material (metal, stone, clay, leather, silk, wood, gourd, bamboo)

Hornbostel-Sachs System

Classifies instruments by the method by which sound is produced

Idiophones: Vibrating body itself

Membranophones: Stretched membrane

Chordophones: String

Aerophones: Vibrating air

Ethnomusicology

Multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context

Chinese opera

Music, dance, acrobatics, elaborate costumes (masks, head-dresses, face paintings)

Sheng

Male protagonist role

Peking opera character

Dan

Female role

Peking opera character

Jing

Painted face male role

Peking opera character

Chou

Male clown role

Peking opera character

Civil Peking opera

Focuses on relationships between characters; features personal, domestic, and romantic situations

Features older roles and dan

Martial Peking opera

Focuses on action and combat skill

Features young sheng, jing, and chou

Jiangnan Sizhu

Informal ensemble: dizi, erhu, pipa yangqin, xiao, qinqin, sanxian, sheng

Heterophonic playing with variations+improvisations

Heterophony

Musical texture characterized by simultaneous variation of a single melodic line

Pipa

Plucked lute

Yangqin

Hammered dulcimer

Dizi

Bamboo flute

Erhu

Bowed lute

Guqin

Quiet, plucked dulcimer

Tajwid

Quranic recitation: Pronunciation rules

Mujawwad

Quranic recitation: Elaborate/melismatic recitation style

Murattal

Quranic recitation: Fundamental/basic recitation style

Adhan

Islamic call to prayer

Mu’addhin/Müezzin

Person who proclaims the Islamic call to daily prayer five times a day

Handasah al-sawt

Sound architecture: Islamic law for classifying sound

Music — non-music

Halal — haram

Maqam/Makam