Histology cells and neurophysiology II review

name all neuroglial cells in CNS (6)

oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

tanycytes

ependymal cells

pericytes

microglia

function of axon hillock

this is where the impulse is generated initially

pseudounipolar cells

used to be bipolar then became unipolar in development

one axon split into two processes

afferent

bipolar cell

2 processes of a dendrite and axon in retina and olfactory system and sometimes interneurones

multipolar neurones

single axon but many dendrites which are all processes and CNS interneurone

unipolar neuron

found in invertebrates and are afferent with one process bifurcating to central and peripheral

where do neuroglial cells originate from

ectoderm

3 general functions of astrocytes

BBB

remove waste

maintain NT concentrations

white matter and grey matter of astrocytes

grey matter - fibrous astrocyte

white matter - protoplasmic

7 functions of astrocyte processes of glial processes

store glycogen and release glucose

APCs - t-lymphcyte help

Na+ ion pumps

glial fibrils for neuronal support

synaptic insulation

secrete substances for synaptic sensitivity

secrete cytokines and chemokines

white and grey matter oligodendrocytes

grey - perineural satellite cells to produce growth factors

white - interfascicular oligodendrocytes for myelin sheath for fast AP conduction

2 functions of pericytes

BBB - phagocytosis

some contractile abilities

where are tanycytes located

hypothalamic wall of the third ventricle (modified ependymal cells)

what are the three cells contributing to the BBB

pericytes

microglia

ependymal cells

neuroglial cells of PNS

neurolemmocytes/schwann cells

satellite cells

2 functions of satellite cells

maintenance and neurotrophic hormone production

convey materials towards and away from soma technical terms

away - anterograde

towards - retrograde

inhibitory NTs

GABA and glycine

excitatory NTs

ACH glutamate

Name of condition causing immune destruction of ACH receptors

myasthenia gravis