Political Science and Ideologies Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, philosophers, and political systems mentioned in the lecture notes across chapters 1 to 4.

Platon

An ancient Greek philosopher who explored the nature of justice and the ideal state in his political writings.

Polis

The term refering to the city-state in Ancient Greece, the fundamental unit of political organization.

Aristote

A philosopher known for his typology of governments and his work on the nature of the political community.

Légitimité

The popular acceptance and recognition of a government's authority and right to rule.

Bureaucratie

A system of administration characterized by specialized functions, objective hierarchy, and fixed rules.

État de droit

A principle where the state is governed by law, ensuring that every citizen and the government itself is subject to the legal code.

Charles de Montesquieu

An enlightenment philosopher famous for his theory on the separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers.

Adam Smith

A key figure in classical economics known for his theories on the market economy and the 'invisible hand.'

Marx

The philosopher and economist who analyzed the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

La bourgeoisie

In Marxist theory, the social class that owns the means of production in a capitalist society.

Magna Carta

A historical document from 1215 that established principles limiting the power of the English monarch.

Représentation proportionnelle

An electoral system where seats are assigned to parties based on the percentage of the total vote received.

Totalitarisme

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Fascisme

An authoritarian and nationalistic political ideology that rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

Mondialisation

The process of increasing interconnectedness and integration between countries, often involving trade and technology.

Supranationalisme

A type of international organization where member states transcend national boundaries and share power with a central authority.

Libéralisme

A political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law.

Conservatisme

A political ideology that emphasizes tradition, social stability, and gradual change over time.

Utilitarianisme

A theory in normative ethics, associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, holding that the best action is the one that maximizes utility.

Socialisme démocratique

A political ideology that advocates for a democratic political system alongside a socially owned or regulated economy.

Capitalisme

An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

Autodétermination

The principle that a people or nation has the right to determine its own political status and government.

Nettoyage ethnique

The systematic forced removal or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic group from a territory.

Souveraineté-association

A political concept proposed for Quebec to be an independent state while maintaining economic ties with Canada.

Realpolitik

A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Mahatma Gandhi

A leader of the Indian independence movement known for his philosophy of nonviolent civil disobedience.

Dalaï-lama

The spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism who advocates for peace and autonomy.

L’humanisme

A philosophical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings and prefers critical thinking over dogma.

État-nation

A sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.

Hégémonie

The political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.

Darwinisme social

The application of biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.

Laissez-faire

An economic policy of letting things take their own course, without government interference in the market.

L'intergouvernementalisme

A method of decision-making in international organizations where power is held by the member states.

Économie mixte

An economic system combining private and public enterprise.

Convention de Genève

A series of international treaties concerning the treatment of civilians, prisoners of war, and soldiers during wartime.