Wrist and Hand Lecture Practice Flashcards

70 comprehensive flashcards covering range of motion, anatomy, injuries, and rehabilitation of the wrist and hand based on the lecture notes.

What is the normal range of motion for wrist extension?

$$75-85^{\circ}$$

What is the normal range of motion for wrist flexion?

$$80-90^{\circ}$$

What is the degree of movement for wrist radial deviation?

$$20^{\circ}$$

What is the degree of movement for wrist ulnar deviation?

$$35^{\circ}$$

What are the four primary movements of the fingers?

Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

What are the six movements associated with the thumb?

Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, opposition, and reposition

Which styloid process is found on the lateral side of the wrist?

Radial styloid process

Which nerve is primarily located on the anterior (palmar) side of the forearm and hand?

Median nerve

Which nerve provides innervation to the posterior extensors of the forearm, wrist, and hand?

Radial nerve

What is the primary action of the Palmaris Longus?

Wrist flexion

Which muscle is responsible for the movement of pronation in the anterior forearm?

Pronator Quadratus

What is the function of the Abductor pollicis longus?

Abduction of the thumb

What is the name of the eminence located at the base of the thumb?

Thenar eminence

What is the name of the eminence located on the ulnar side of the palm?

Hypothenar eminence

What are the five categories of bones that make up the wrist and hand?

Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

What are the three parts of a metacarpal or phalanx bone?

Head, Body, and Base

List the eight carpal bones.

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate

What kind of movement occurs at the Carpal joints?

Gliding

What does MCP stand for in hand anatomy?

Metacarpophalangeal joint

What do PIP and DIP stand for in finger anatomy?

Proximal interphalangeal joint and Distal interphalangeal joint

Where does the Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) run from and to?

From the radius to the scaphoid and trapezium

What specific force does the Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) prevent?

Varus force

Where does the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) run from and to?

From the ulna to the triquetrum and pisiform

What specific force does the Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) prevent?

Valgus force

What does TFCC stand for?

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

What are the primary functions of the TFCC?

Continuous gliding and cushioning forces

Which structures form Guyon's canal?

Pisiform and hook of hamate

Which nerve passes through Guyon's canal?

Ulnar nerve

Compression of which nerve causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Median nerve

What artery is typically used to check a pulse at the wrist?

Radial artery

What is the most common Mechanism of Injury (MOI) for wrist and hand injuries?

FOOSH (Falling On Outstretched Hand)

What characterizes a Colles' Fracture?

Fracture of the distal radius involving anterior displacement

What is the distinct clinical appearance of a Colles' Fracture?

Dinner fork deformity

What are two major concerns associated with a Colles' Fracture outside of the bone break?

Median nerve damage and tendon issues

How long is a patient typically casted or splinted for a Colles' Fracture?

$$4-8\,\text{weeks}$$

What is the Return to Play (RTP) timeline for a Colles' Fracture?

$$3-6\,\text{months}$$

What is the most common wrist injury?

Wrist Sprains

What are the signs and symptoms of a wrist sprain?

Pain, swelling, limited ROM, and point tenderness

What are the MOIs for a TFCC injury?

FOOSH (forced hyperextension and ulnar deviation) or violent twist/torque

What is a unique clicking or catching sensation indicative of?

TFCC Injury

Where is pain specifically felt in a TFCC injury?

Along the ulnar side of the wrist

What is the MOI for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Repeated wrist flexion or direct trauma to the anterior wrist

What are the sensory S/S of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tingling, numbness, and burning

Which ligament may require surgical decompression in severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Transverse carpal ligament

Which carpal bone is most frequently fractured?

Scaphoid

Where is severe point tenderness located during a Scaphoid Fracture?

Anatomical snuffbox

How long is a Scaphoid Fracture typically immobilized?

$$6\,\text{weeks}$$

What is the MOI for a Hamate Fracture?

FOOSH or holding a sports implement

Where is the pain localized in a Hamate Fracture?

Ulnar sided wrist pain and hypothenar pain

What device can be used to take pressure off the hook of the hamate during recovery?

Doughnut-type pad

What is a Subungual Hematoma?

Blood accumulation underneath the fingernail

What causes the severe pain in a Subungual Hematoma?

Pressure from blood accumulation

What is the MOI for Metacarpal Fractures?

Direct axial force or compressive force

What is a Boxer's fracture?

A 5th metacarpal fracture

What are the observable signs of a metacarpal fracture?

Pain, swelling, possible deformity, point tenderness, and palpable defect

What is the RTP for a metacarpal fracture?

$$6-8\,\text{weeks}$$

What instrument is used to measure grip strength during rehab?

Dynamometer

What three things must be regained for RTP in wrist and hand rehab?

Full ROM, full dexterity, and normal grip strength

What type of fine motor function should be addressed in hand rehab?

Dexterity (pinching)

What direction should wrist wrapping with an elastic wrap follow?

Start distal and end proximal

What pattern is recommended for both wrist wrapping and wrist taping?

Figure 8s

By how much should white tape overlap when taping the wrist?

Half

What is 'Buddy Taping'?

Taping one finger to an adjacent finger for support

In hand anatomy, which side is considered 'Dorsal'?

The posterior side (back of the hand)

What is 'Reposition' in relation to the thumb?

The movement of the thumb returning to its original position from opposition

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Median nerve and flexor tendons

What is the MOI for a wrist sprain besides FOOSH?

Violent flexion or torsion

For a Scaphoid Fracture, how long after immobilization must the bone be protected from impact loading?

$$3\,\text{months}$$

What is the 'closed reduction' method used by physicians?

Realigning the bone without surgery

What are internal fixation devices used in open reduction of fractures?

Pins, plates, and screws