Non-CF/Ig-A/Frown Lines

Glabellar Lines

Frown lines

corrugator supercilii, procerus

Muscle Physiology of Glabellar Lines

• Repetitive contraction of __ __ and __ muscles overlying the dermis lead to frowns

Corticobulbar, motor neuron, bi

Neurophysiology of Glabellar Lines

• Chronic activation of __ tract (i.e. emotion, stress, concentration) lead to increased __ __ firing frequency

• Dermal folding __laterally

Estrogen, collagen, fibroblast, dermal integrity, static

Endocrine Physiology of Glabellar Lines

• __ (hormone) - Promote __ synthesis and __ activity

  • Reduced estrogen in age → weakens __ __

  • Allows dynamic wrinkles to become __

Bronchiectasis

Irreversible dilation of bronchi

Neutrophil, airway remodeling, wall thickening, dilation, mucus

Bronchiectasis in Non-Cystic Fibrosis

• Chronic __ inflammation damages airway wall

• Loss of structural support (3) → __ __, __ __, __

• Distorted airways promote __ hypersecretion

Constriction, ventilation, mucus, airway resistance, compliance, FEV1/FVC

Respiratory Physiology of Non-Cystic Fibrosis

• Leads to broncho__, poor __, and __ retention/hypersecretion

• Net effect is higher __ __

• Decrease in lung __

• Low ____ ratio

Vagal bronchoconstrictor, smooth muscles, beta-2

Autonomic Physiology of Non-Cystic Fibrosis

• Chronic inflammation increases__ __ reflexes

• Airway __ __ innervated become hyperactive

• Reduced ___ (ANS R) responsiveness limits reversibility

low V/Q, hypoxic vasoconstriction, vascular resistance

Cardiovascular Physiology of Non-Cystic Fibrosis

• Regional hypoventilation with __ __ ratio

• Recurrent hypoxemia drives __ pulmonary __

• Pulmonary __ __ increases over time

Ig-A Nephropathy

Immune complexes of IgA reach kidney and deposit in mesangium of the glomerulus

Mesangium, hematuria, RBCs

Renal Physiology of IgA Nephropathy

• Immune complexes of IgA reach kidney and deposit in __ of the glomerulus

  • Leads to __ (sx) → Filtration barrier disruption lets __ cross

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic, proteinuria

Renal Physiology of IgA Nephropathy

• Increase in __ __ __ forces from IgA deposits

  • Increase __ (sx) with compromised barrier/filter

Mean arterial pressure, HTN

Cardiovascular Physiology of IgA Nephropathy

• Chronic increase in _____ increases pressure load on renal microcirculation

• Leads to __ (sx)

Intraglomerular, RAAS

Endocrine Physiology of IgA Nephropathy

• Once filter is “leaky”, higher __ pressure worsens symptoms, but a __ blockade can reduce sx

  • Reduce HTN