Key Concepts in Newborn Care

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to newborn care and the common complications that can arise in this population.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

A withdrawal syndrome in newborns exposed to addictive substances during pregnancy, characterized by symptoms like tremors, poor feeding, and irritability.

Asphyxia

Lack of oxygen (O2) and excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in newborns, which can lead to serious complications including brain injury.

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Condition where a newborn inhales a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs, often leading to respiratory distress.

Prematurity

Birth that occurs before the 37th week of pregnancy, associated with increased risk for various complications.

Polycythemia

Condition of having an abnormally high red blood cell count, leading to complications such as ischemia and organ damage.

Congenital Disorders

Defects or abnormalities present at birth, which can be due to genetic or environmental factors.

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)

Condition characterized by temporary respiratory distress in newborns, often related to retained fetal lung fluid.

Neonatal Sepsis

Infection in a newborn that can occur shortly after birth, potentially leading to serious morbidity and mortality.

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

Brain damage due to lack of oxygen during the perinatal period, often resulting from asphyxia.

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Congenital anomalies that occur when the upper lip and roof of the mouth do not close completely during fetal development.

Congenital Heart Defects

Heart problems present at birth that may involve structural abnormalities affecting blood flow.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A genetic disorder where an infant cannot metabolize phenylalanine, leading to brain damage if untreated.

Breastfeeding Challenges in Newborns

Difficulties that may arise with breastfeeding, particularly in premature or ill infants, often requiring specialized feeding techniques.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)

A defect in the diaphragm allowing abdominal organs to migrate into the thoracic cavity, causing respiratory distress.

Nursing Considerations for Preterm Infants

Strategies and interventions to support the care and development of premature newborns, focusing on thermal regulation, nutrition, and minimal stimulation.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A condition resulting from alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to growth deficiencies, facial anomalies, and neurodevelopmental issues.