Block Two Test

What is Nephropathy

kidney disease impairing filtering of waste products/excess fluids

What is the fibula

parallel to shin bone (tibia) in outer side of lower leg

prone

lying facing down

supine

lying on back

fowler position

upright position to aid in airway management

semi fowler position

sitting on stretcher set to 45 degrees

high fowler position

sitting at a 90 degree angle

Behavior of a two year old

Fearful of strangers, limited attention span, resist examination, use calm and simple words

Proximal and Distal

Proximal up limb, distal further down limb

Superior and Inferior

Superior near head, Inferior away from head

Posterior and Anterior

Posterior rear, ANterior front

Flexion and Extension

Flexion decreasing angle of join, extension increasing angle of join

Abduction and Adduction

Abduction away from midline, Adduction towards midline

What is COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

What is BG or BGL

Blood glucose level

Diplopia

Double Vision

Photophobia

Sensitivity to light

Location of brain stem

Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord

Where/What is the atlas

First cervical vertebra that supports the skull

What is the C Spine vertebrae

The first seven vertebrae where the skull rests on

where and how does the spine join the iliac

The sacrum connects the spine to the pelvis forming the sacroiliac joints that form the pelvic gurdle

What is the order of the C spine

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccyx

Forearm

Arm between elbow and wrist with ulna and radius

Pelvis

Made up of the sacrum and coccyx

Respiration

Process of gas exchange O2 and CO2

Ventilation

Movement of air between lungs and environment

What causes breathing

rising CO2 levels stimulate brainstem to expand and relax diaphragm

What is the amount of air remaining in lungs

Residual volume

How/Why age makes heart work harder to move effectively

Blood vessels become stiffer and heart muscle is less efficient

Infant belly breathing

Infants use diaphragm so abdomen rises and falls more than chest

Why we don’t use BP cuff that is too large

Falsely reads BP as cuff isn’t tight enough onto arm.

Abdominal Exam

Inspecting, listening for breath, palpate. Check for tenderness rigidity, guarding, and distension

Check orientation on patient mental

Assess person, place, time, event

What is inhalation

Diaphragm contacts and moves downward, letting air into lungs.

What is tidal volume

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during one breath

Aerobic metabolism

Energy produced converting glucose → atp requiring oxygen

Anaerobic metabolism

Lactic acid accumulation due to lack of oxygen

What happens with inadequate oxygen

Cells will eventually die due to being unable to meet demands of cell.

What are chemo receptors

Monitor levels of Oxygen, Co2, and hydrogen ion concentration and change rate and depth of breathing accordingly.

Why C-Pap

Provides ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress.

What is septic shock secondary to

A severe bacterial infection

Cardiogenic Shock

Pump failure when heart cannot maintain cardiac output to meet demands of body

Obstructive Shock

Obstruction preventing adequate blood being distributed to body.

Distributive Shock

Widespread dilation of small arterioles or small venules. Examples are septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, and psychogenic shock.

Septic Shock

Occurs as a result of severe infection and damages vessel walls causing dilation of vessels.

Neurogenic Shock

Damage to spinal cord causing vasodilation below spinal cord

Anaphylactic shock

Result of exposure to substance that one is allergic to causing bronchoconstriction and widespread vasodilation.

psychogenic shock

vasodilation leading to syncope

How long for brain damage to occur when there is a lack of oxygen

4-6 minutes for it to begin, 10 minutes for irreversible brain damage.

What to do after assessment and patient is unresponsive

Check breathing and pulse, use additional resources, and begin CPR if pulseless

What to do after no patient airway after jaw thrust

Perform head tilt chin lift

Benefits of mechanical CPR device

Maximizes blood flow and prevents rescuer fatigue

Obvious signs of death

Decapitation, Rigor Mortis, Lividity, Decomposition.

Respiratory signs of distress

Dyspnea, increased repiratory rate, accessory muscle use, cyanosis, tripod position, difficulty speaking

What are the respiratory effects of taking a lot of aspirin.

Hyperventilation and alkalosis

When arterial carbon dioxide levels rise above normal levels

Hypercapnia, failure to eliminate adequate amount of CO2 during gas exchange.

Signs of dehydration in an infant suggests what?

Poor perfusion or hypovolemic shock.

Infectious disease

Disease caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites.

Onset of acute asthma attack

Allergic response to food/allergen, stress, exercise, and respiratory infection

Sudden death caused by AMI is caused by what

Heart failing to generate effective blood flow leading to ventricular dysrhythmia.

Geriatric high risk pneumonia

Waker immune system, less lung elasticity, and chronic illnesses

Cardiac output may decrease because of heart beating rapidly

Ventricles don’t have enough time to fill with blood, reducing blood/cardiac output.

Signs and Symptoms of AMI

Squeezing Chest pain, nausea, syncope, irregular heartbeat, and pink sputum

Side effects of nitroglycerin

Headache, hypotension, dizziness, flushing, lightheadedness, tachycardia.