AGRON 1820 Exam 3 Review

These flashcards cover terminology relating to stems, leaves, photosynthesis, and respiration as described in AGRON 1820, aiding in the review for Exam 3.

Apical dominance

The apical bud suppresses growth of axillary buds using auxin.

Auxin (IAA)

Plant hormone that causes cell elongation and controls growth responses.

Axillary bud

Bud at a node that can form branches or flowers.

Meristematic tissue

Cells that actively divide to form new cells.

Phototropism

Growth response of a plant toward light.

Rhizomes

Underground horizontal stems.

Internode

Region between nodes.

Cortex

Ground tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissue.

Phloem

Tissue that transports sugars throughout the plant.

Xylem

Tissue that transports water upward from roots.

Epidermis

Outer protective layer of the stem.

Stolon

Above-ground horizontal stems.

Pith

Central tissue of the stem used for storage.

Glabrous

Smooth, lacking hairs or trichomes.

Bulb

Short stem with fleshy leaves used for storage.

Corm

Solid, swollen underground stem used for storage.

Tillers

Stems that arise from the base of grasses.

Trichome

Hair-like outgrowth on the plant surface.

Vascular bundle

Structure containing xylem and phloem.

Culms

Stems of grasses, often hollow.

Sclerenchyma cells

Thick-walled cells that provide structural support.

Palisade parenchyma cells

Tightly packed cells rich in chloroplasts; main site of photosynthesis.

Simple leaf

Leaf with a single, undivided blade.

Guard cells

Cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata.

Calvin cycle

Light-independent process that uses ATP and NADPH to make sugar.

Net photosynthesis

Amount of photosynthesis remaining after subtracting respiration.

Glycolysis

First step of respiration where glucose is broken into two pyruvate molecules.

Krebs cycle

Second step of respiration that releases CO₂ and produces ATP.

Photorespiration

Process where RuBisCO binds O₂ instead of CO₂, reducing efficiency.

CAM plants

Plants that take in CO₂ at night to conserve water.

Fermentation

Anaerobic process involving incomplete breakdown of glucose.