Mark Klimek Nursing Review Flashcards

Vocabulary and definition flashcards based on nursing lecture notes covering pathophysiology, maternity, and patient care.

Bell's Palsy

One sided (unilateral) facial paralysis caused by an affection of cranial nerve #7, the facial nerve.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Enlargement of the prostate in men over $50$ years of age that compresses the urethra and causes urinary retention.

Sucrose

A sugar found in fruits and veggies.

Glycogen

A stored form of glucose and energy manufactured by the liver and not eaten in foods.

Vernix Caseosa

Infant skin substance that should not be removed with friction as it causes damage or bruising.

Pulse Pressure

The difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure.

Type and Cross Match

A blood test used to indicate whether the client's blood and donor blood are compatible.

Buerger's Disease

Also known as Thromboangiitis obliterans, it affects the lower extremities and is most common in male smokers.

Rule of Nines

A formula used to estimate the percentage of body surface burned: Head/Neck $9\%$, each arm $9\%$, front trunk $18\%$, posterior trunk $18\%$, each leg $18\%$, and genitalia $1\%$..

Burn Shock Phase

The first $24$ to $48$ hours after a burn when fluid moves from the bloodstream to the interstitial space, resulting in metabolic acidosis and increased potassium.

Azotemia

The accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood, characterized by increased creatinine and $BUN$.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's developmental task for early adulthood ($19$ to $35$ years of age).

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Also known as hyperreflexia, a complication of quadriplegics in response to a full bladder or bowel resulting in severe hypertension, headache, and sweating.

APGAR Scale

A quick objective evaluation of a newborn at $1$ and $5$ minutes including cardiac status, respiratory effort, muscle tone, neuromuscular irritability, and color.

Acrocyanosis

Temporary bluish color in newborns around lips, hands, and feet that may last for a few hours.

McBurney's Point

The localized area of pain in the right lower quadrant ($RLQ$) associated with appendicitis.

Methionine

An amino acid precursor of cystine found in high amounts in milk and eggs.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer to a distant site.

Alopecia

Hair loss, which is the #1 integumentary side effect of chemotherapy.

Cesium Implant

An internal radiation therapy where a solid radioactive object is placed in a body cavity.

Celiac's Disease

A malabsorption disease where the client cannot tolerate the protein gluten.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A warning sign of impending $CVA$ featuring transient neurologic deficits lasting $30\,seconds$ to $24\,hours$.

Hemianopsia

Inability to see one half of the field of vision, requiring the patient to learn to scan by moving their head.

Apraxia

The loss of the ability to perform purposeful, skilled acts such as brushing teeth.

Adriamycin

A chemotherapeutic agent known for causing cardiotoxicity.

Vincristine

A chemotherapeutic agent known for causing peripheral neuropathy, foot drop, and jaw pain.

Otitis Media

Chronic infectious or inflammatory disease of the middle ear, often associated with cholesteatoma.

Logan Bow

A device used after cleft lip repair to prevent stress on the suture line.

Disequilibrium Syndrome

A condition resulting from too much fluid being exchanged too quickly during hemodialysis, featuring change in $LOC$, nausea, and headache.

Hemarthrosis

Bleeding into the joints, which is a common manifestation in hemophilia.

Pre-icteric

The stage of hepatitis occurring before the patient exhibits jaundice.

Shingles

Also known as Herpes Zoster, it is caused by the varicella virus and features a vesicular rash along sensory nerves.

Sordes

Crusts on the tongue and gums due to improper oral hygiene.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe and prolonged vomiting that persists into the second trimester of pregnancy.

Hysterectomy

The surgical removal of the uterus.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus, most commonly in the Fallopian tube ($90\%$ of cases).

Steatorrhea

Large, pale, foul-smelling, and greasy stools containing excessive fat.

Melena

Black, tarry stool indicating a gastrointestinal bleed.

Barrel Chest

The increase in anterior-posterior diameter of the chest seen in patients with emphysema.

Gigantism

An over-secretion of growth hormone occurring in a child.

Acromegaly

An over-secretion of growth hormone occurring in an adult.

Pheochromocytoma

A condition resulting from the over-secretion of the adrenal medulla.

Endometriosis

The growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus.

L/S Ratio

The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio used to assess fetal lung maturity; a ratio greater than $2.0$ indicates maturity.

Mydriatic

A class of ophthalmic drugs that dilates the pupil and may cause tachycardia.

Miotic

A class of ophthalmic drugs that constricts the pupil, such as Pilocarpine.

Schilling Test

A unique urine test performed to diagnose pernicious anemia.

Homsan's Sign

A test for thrombophlebitis that is no longer recommended because it can cause a clot to embolize.

Quickening

The feeling a mother experiences when the fetus moves, usually occurring between week $16$ and $20$.

Teratogenesis

The process in which outside agents cause birth defects in the fetus.

Raynaud's Disease

An arterial disease characterized by spasms in the digits triggered by cold, stress, or tobacco.

Surfactant

A substance that decreases surface tension inside alveoli to prevent collapse; lack of it leads to Respiratory Distress Syndrome ($RDS$).

Anuria

The production of less than $50\,cc$ of urine in $24\,hours$.

Oliguria

The production of less than $500\,cc$ of urine in $24\,hours$.

Pernicious Anemia

Anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, preventing the absorption of Vitamin $B-12$..

Troponin

A serum protein that rises as soon as $3\,hours$ after myocardial cell injury and is only present when cells are damaged.