Glands/hormones

Hypothalamus

Hormone: releasing and inhibiting hormones

Target tissue: Anterior pituitary

Principle action:Regulate secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

Hormone: Oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

Target tissue: Uterus, mammary glands, kidneys

Principle actions: Stimulates contraction, stimulates ejection of milk into ducts, stimulates reabsorption of water

Anterior Pituitary (hormone)

Hormone: Growth hormone (GH) Prolactin Melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH); belong to a group of hormones known as melanocortins Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Gonadotropic hormones * (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]; luteinizing hormone [LH])

Anterior Pituitary (target tissue and action)

Target tissue: General Mammary glands Pigment cells in skin Thyroid gland Adrenal cortex Gonads

Action: Stimulates growth of skeleton and muscle Stimulates milk production Stimulate melanin production in some animals; in humans, help regulate food intake Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones; helps regulate bone remodeling Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormones Stimulate gonad function and growth

Thyroid gland

Hormone: Thyroxine T4( ) and triiodothyronine T3( ) Calcitonin

Target tissue: general, bone

Action: Stimulate metabolic rate; regulate energy metabolism Decreases blood calcium concentration

Parathyroid glands

Hormone: Parathyroid hormone

Target tissue: bone, kidneys, digestive tract

action: Increases blood calcium concentration

Pancreas

Hormone: Insulin, glucagon

Target tissue: General, liver, adipose tissue

action: Decreases blood glucose concentration Increases blood glucose concentration

Adrenal medulla

Hormone: Epinephrine and norepinephrine

target tissue: Muscle, Blood vessels, liver, adipose tissue

action: Help body cope with stress; increase metabolic rate; increase blood glucose concentration; increase heart rate and blood pressure

Adrenal cortex

Hormone: Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids

Target tissue: Kidney tubules, general

action: Maintain sodium and potassium balance Help body cope with long term stress; increase blood glucose concentration

Pineal gland

Hormone: melatonin

target tissue: hypothalamus

action: regulates biological rhythms

Ovary

Hormone: Estrogen, progesterone

Target tissue:General, uterus, uterus, breast

action: Develop and maintain sex characteristics in females; stimulate growth of uterine lining Stimulates development of uterine lining

testes

Hormone: testosterone

target tissue: general, reproductive structures

Action: develops and maintains sex characterisitcs in males, promotes spermatogenesis