Exam 2- Arteries

Subclavian Arteries

Branches of aortic arch (left) or brachiocephalic trunk (right)

Divides into 3 parts by its relationship to the anterior scalene muscle

Vertebral Artery (1st Part of Subclavian Artery)

Enters transverse foramen of CV6, ascends to supply brain and brainstem

Internal Thoracic Artery (1st Part of Subclavian Artery)

Descends posterior to sternal end of clavicle into thorax

Thyrocervical Trunk (1st Part of Subclavian Artery)

Extends superiorly from subclavian

3 branches: inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery

Costocervical Trunk (2nd Part of Subclavian Artery)

From posterior aspect of subclavian, deep to anterior scalene

2 branches: Deep cervical artery (deep muscles of back of neck) Highest intercostal artery (supplies first two intercostal spaces)

Dorsal Scapular Artery (3rd Part of Subclavian Artery)

Weaves between superior and middle trunks of brachial plexus to reach targets

Lateral to anterior scalene

Common Carotid Artery

Parents: brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left)

Terminal branches: internal carotid artery, external carotid artery

Anterior Branches of External Carotid Artery

Superior thyroid (gives off superior laryngeal), lingual, and facial

Medial Branch of External Carotid Artery

Ascending Pharyngeal

Posterior Branches of External Carotid Artery

Occipital, posterior auricular

Terminal Branches of External Carotid Artery

Maxillary and Superficial Temporal

Superior Thyroid Artery

Most inferior branch of external carotid

Serves thyroid gland

Travels with external laryngeal nerve

Superior Laryngeal Artery

Branch of superior thyroid

Travels with internal laryngeal nerve through thyrohyoid membrane

Lingual Artery

Branches anteriorly off external carotid artery superior to superior thyroid artery

Passes deep to hyoglossus muscle to enter mouth to supply tongue

Facial Artery

Branches anteriorly off external carotid artery superior to lingual artery

Passes deep to submandibular gland, then curls superficially over mandible to supply face

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

Branches medially/posteriorly off external carotid artery

Serves walls of pharynx

Occipital Artery

Branches posteriorly off external carotid artery

Hooks over hypoglossal n (CN XII) superficially

Travels with greater occipital nerve on posterior scalp

Posterior Auricular Artery

Branches posteriorly off external carotid artery superior to occipital artery

Small

Travels between external auditory meatus and mastoid process

Superficial Temporal Artery

Travels with auriculotemporal nerve anterior to external auditory meatus

Maxillary Artery

Passes deep to mandible to enter deep face region

Terminal branch of ECA

Divided into 3 parts relative to the lateral pterygoid muscle

Facial Artery (Arteries to the Face)

Facial artery (ECA) supplies anterior face, branches: inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal

Terminal branch: angular artery

Transverse Facial Artery (Arteries to the Face)

Branch of superficial temporal artery

Maxillary Artery Part 1 of Branches

Middle meningeal artery and inferior alveolar artery

Middle Meningeal Artery

Surrounded by two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve

Moves through foramen spinosum to middle cranial fossa

Main blood supply to dura mater

Passes by pterion

Inferior Alveolar Artery

Travels with inferior alveolar nerve

Enters mandible through mandibular foramen (supplies lower teeth)

Leaves mandible through mental foramen as mental artery (supplies skin over the mandible)

Maxillary Artery Part 2 of Branches

Masseteric branch, deep temporal branches, pterygoid branches, buccal artery

Masseteric Branch (part two branch of Maxillary)

Moves through mandibular notch to the masseter

Deep Temporal Branches (part two branch of Maxillary)

Move superiorly, deep to temporalis

Pterygoid branches (part two branch of Maxillary)

Move directly into medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

Buccal Artery (part two branch of Maxillary)

To cheek

Maxillary Artery Part 3 Branches

Medial to lateral pterygoid muscle

Enters pterygopalatine fossa

Supplies lower nasal cavity, palate and upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and superficial midface