NCMA110 Nursing Theory and Practice - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, concepts, and theorists found in the NCMA110 nursing theory and practice notes.

Metaparadigm in Nursing

The most general statement of the discipline, comprising the four concepts: Person, Health, Environment, and Nursing.

Person (Nursing Metaparadigm)

The recipient of nursing care; a unique, autonomous, holistic being with biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions.

Health (Nursing Metaparadigm)

The degree of wellness or well-being experienced by the person; multidimensional and dynamic.

Environment (Nursing Metaparadigm)

Internal and external surroundings that affect the client and their health.

Nursing (Nursing Metaparadigm)

The attributes, actions, and science of nursing practiced to care for individuals, families, and communities.

Nursing as Art

Delivering care with compassion, caring, and respect for dignity and personhood.

Nursing as Science

Practice grounded in a body of evolving knowledge, discoveries, and evidence-based practice.

Nursing as Profession

A vocation characterized by prolonged training, service orientation, ethics, autonomy, and professional organizations.

Professionalism

Professional character and commitment; responsibility and conduct of a professional practitioner.

Professionalization

The process of acquiring characteristics deemed professional, including standards, ethics, and ongoing learning.

Benner’s Levels of Proficiency

A framework (Novice to Expert) describing growth in nursing practice from student to advanced practitioner.

Novice

Nursing student; entering a new field with little experience.

Advanced Beginner

Nurse with some experience who begins to recognize discriminatory features in real situations.

Competent

Nurse with 2–3 years’ experience; can plan and sequence care; prioritizes based on long-term goals.

Proficient

Nurse with 3–5 years’ experience; perceives situations holistically and uses deep knowledge.

Expert

Nurse with extensive experience; intuitive, with mastery beyond rules and guidelines.

ANA Scope and Standards of Nursing Practice

Standards guiding what professional nursing practice should include and how it should be carried out.

Nursing Theory

A body of knowledge that describes, explains, and predicts phenomena to support nursing practice.

Phenomenon

Issues or events that form the focus of a theory.

Concept

Building blocks of theories; abstract ideas that describe phenomena.

Model

A representation showing patterns of relationships among concepts.

Conceptual Framework

A group of related ideas that symbolically represents a phenomenon.

Paradigm

A worldview or set of beliefs guiding the development of theory and practice.

Metaparadigm (definition)

The overarching framework defining the four core concepts of a discipline (Person, Health, Environment, Nursing).

Caritas (Eriksson)

Love and charity; unconditional caring motive central to caritative nursing.

Caring Communion

The intense, warm, authentic interaction in which caring is enacted.

Ten Carative Factors (Watson)

Core set of processes guiding caring in Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.

Transpersonal Caring Relationship

Nurse–patient relationship that transcends the physical to connect at a spiritual level.

Caritas Processes (Watson)

The ten carative factors that form the framework of caring in Watson’s theory.

Katie Eriksson (Caritative Caring Theory)

Finnish nurse theorist who emphasized caritas, caring ethics, and reconciliation in caring.

Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM)

Nursing theory focusing on how people adapt to changes in four modes.

Adaptive Modes (RAM)

Physiological; Self-Concept; Role Function; Interdependence.

Neuman Systems Model

Nursing model viewing the client as an open system with a core structure, lines of defense, and lines of resistance.

Core, Lines of Defense, Flex Line, Normal Line of Defense

Key components of Neuman’s model describing the protective structure and defense against stressors.

Unitarity (Rogers)

Humans are unitary energy beings in continuous mutual interaction with the environment.

Energy Fields (Rogers)

Dynamic, irreducible units that make up the person and the environment.

Openness (Rogers)

No boundary inhibiting energy flow between person and environment.

Pattern (Rogers)

The distinguishing characteristics of an energy field that provide its identity.

Pandimensionality (Rogers)

Energy field extending beyond space and time; no fixed boundaries.

Homeodynamics (Rogers)

Balance between life processes (energy) and the environment; change is ongoing.

Sunrise Enabler (Leininger)

A guiding tool for culturally congruent care and decision-making.

Transcultural Nursing Theory

Leininger’s theory focusing on cultural care diversity and universality to achieve culturally congruent care.

Martha Rogers’ Metaparadigm

Framework centered on unitary human beings, environment, health, and nursing.

Meleis Transition Theory

A theory about people’s healthy transitions and interventions to facilitate them.

Meleis Metaparadigm (Nursing)

Nurses as primary caregivers in transitions; health as both change and process.

Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler

Guide to culturally congruent care across diverse populations.

Margaret Newman – Health as Expanding Consciousness

Theory viewing health as a process of growth and expanding awareness.

Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming

Three principles: structuring meaning, rhythmical patterns, and cotranscending with possible.

Hall’s Core-Care-Cure Model

Nursing involves core, care, and cure; care is the primary nursing function.

Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationships

Nursing as an interpersonal process focused on suffering, meaning, and care.

Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory

Nursing as therapeutic, with nurse–client relationship guiding therapy; four phases of interaction.

Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process

Nursing practice focused on reciprocal nurse–patient interaction and meeting immediate needs.

King’s Goal Attainment Theory

Nurse–client transaction to set and attain health goals through mutual interaction.

Pender Health Promotion Model

A model explaining determinants of health behaviors to promote well-being.

Swanson’s Theory of Caring

Five caring processes: Knowing, Being With, Doing For, Enabling, Maintaining Belief.

Boykin & Schoenhofer’s Theory of Caring

Dancing of caring; caring as a way of being and being in relationship.

ADPIE (Nursing Process)

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation—systematic patient care.

NANDA (Nursing Diagnoses)

Standardized language for nursing diagnoses.

Nursing Process: Planning

Organizing care, setting goals, selecting interventions, and coordinating with patient and family.

10 Rights of Medication Administration

Right client, drug, dose, route, time, documentation, assessment, education, evaluation, and right to refuse.

WHO Analgesic Ladder

Stepwise approach to pain management from nonopioids to opioids for escalating pain.

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Pain perception is modulated by a gating mechanism in the dorsal horn; large fibers close the gate, small fibers open it.

Nociceptors

Pain receptors that transmit pain signals via A-delta and C fibers.

ADPIE - Assessment Types

Initial, Problem-Focused, Emergency, Time-Lapsed assessments.

Nursing Diagnosis vs Medical Diagnosis

Nursing diagnoses describe patient responses to health problems; medical diagnoses describe disease/ pathology.

Surgical Asepsis vs Medical Asepsis

Surgical asepsis eliminates all microorganisms; medical asepsis reduces them.