Comm exam 2

Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, Everyone has the rights to freedom opinion

and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

All human identity includes

gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability & we are 99+% genetically identical

The Beloved Community is a realistic vision of

an achievable society, one in which problems and conflict exist, but are resolved

peacefully and without bitterness.

In the Beloved Community, caring and compassion

drive political policies that support the worldwide elimination of poverty and hunger and all forms of bigotry and violence.

The Beloved Community is a state of

Heart and mind a spirit of hope and goodwill that transcends all

boundaries and barriers and embraces all creation.

At its core, the Beloved Community is an

engine of reconciliation.

believe it is a goal that can be accomplished through

courage and determination, and through education and training, if enough

people are willing to make the necessary commitment.

Six Principles of Nonviolence

Fundamental tenets of Dr. King’s

philosophy of nonviolence described in his

first book Stride Toward Freedom.

Dr.

King often said he got his inspiration and his techniques from

Jesus Christ and Mohandes K. Ghandi.

Principle One: Nonviolence is a way of

life for courageous people.

It is active nonviolent resistance to evil.

It is aggressive spiritually, mentally and emotionally.

Principle Two: Nonviolence seeks to

win friendship and understanding.

The end result of nonviolence is redemption and reconciliation.

The purpose of nonviolence is the creation of the Beloved Community.

Principle Three: Nonviolence seeks to

defeat injustice not people.

Nonviolence recognizes that evildoers are also victims and are not evil people.

The nonviolent resister seeks to defeat evil not people. #CHOOSE NONVIOLENCE

Principle Four: Nonviolence holds that

suffering can educate and transform people and societies.

Nonviolence accepts suffering without retaliation.

Unearned suffering is redemptive and has tremendous educational and transforming possibilities.

Principle Five: Nonviolence choses love

instead of hate.

Nonviolence resists violence of the spirit as well as the body.

Nonviolent love is spontaneous, unmotivated, unselfish and creative

Principle Six: Nonviolence believes that

the universe is on the side of justice.

The Nonviolent resister has deep faith that justice will eventually win.

Nonviolence believes that God is a God of justice.

a caste system is an

artificial construction, a

fixed and embedded ranking of human value that sets

the presumed supremacy of one group against the

presumed inferiority

A caste system uses

rigid often

arbitrary boundaries to keep the ranked

groupings apart, distinct from one another and in their

assigned places

The Heart is the Last Frontier” story shows

people are a testament to the

human spirit…can break free of hierarchy’s hold on them” with “ courage and

conviction…empathy and compassion…once awakened, more of us will be.”

ighteous indignation” as

dominant caste members

awaken to the the injustice of caste.

We are responsible for recognizing that what happened

set the stage for the

world we live in…we are responsible for our own ignorance

In a world without caste we would

all be invested in the well being of others…recognize…we are in need of one

another

we would join forces

with indigenous people…around the world raising

the alarm as fires rage and glaciers melt…see…when others suffer,

the collective

human body is set back from progression of our species.

A world without caste

would set everyone free

founding director Center for

Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies

Kimberle Crenshaw

to promote efforts to dismantle

structural inequality

utilize new ideas and innovative perspectives to

transform public discourse and policy

promote frameworks and

strategies that address a vision of racial justice that

embraces the

intersections of race, gender, class, and the array of barriers that

disempower those who are marginalized in society.

AAPF is dedicated to

advancing and expanding racial justice, gender equality, and the

indivisibility of all human rights, both in the U.S. and internationally

Crenshaw (1989) Demarginalized the “intersection of

race and

sex” and developed the analytical approach “Intersectionality

Crenshaw illustrates the importance of

inclusive consideration of

identity characteristics.

Crenshaw examines the “problematic

consequence

of the tendency to treat race and gender as mutually

exclusive categories of experience and analysis

perpetuated by a

single-axis framework…dominant in

antidiscrimination law and

also reflected in feminist theory”

Crenshaw centers Black women

in her analysis “in order to

contrast the multidimensionality of

Black women’s experience with the single-axis analysis that

distorts these experiences

I wish, now, that I could go back to the younger me and

tell her

that her people’s ancestry started here, on these

lands, and to boldly, proudly, draw the stars and those

stripes of the American flag.

We were told once, by virtue

of our bondage,

that we could never be American. But it

was by virtue of our bondage that we became the most

American of all

Cognitive Consistency

Psychological Comfort, familiar association

Cognitive Dissonance

Psychological Discomfort, unfamiliar association

Audience Selective Processes

Exposure/attention, Retention/memory,

Perception/experience shaped- media effects as diverse as the people

affected

Sen, A.(2006) Identity and Violence

The Illusion of Destiny, Ch9

Freedom to Think

Sen cautions when we encounter difference we should avoid

“reductionist assumptions” of “Identity Disregard” which ignores

important role of identity in relationship and “Singular Identity” which

erases the complex aspects of identity and often replaces complex

humanity with stereotype.

Sen recommends when we encounter

difference that we engage, learn

and reduce our ignorance, anxiety and fear of unfamiliar.

Hall, S.- Ideology

is encoded into media messages and audience decode ideas

Media becomes part of

political and social ideological control system:

Military State Apparatus

Military/police use physical enforcement

Ideological State Apparatus

Media/Internet use ideological control system

MSA & ISA enforce

hegemony & caste often inhibit efforts to dismantle caste

Audience use selective processes to choose

messages, remember meaningful,

messages and interpret message meaning according to own experience and

knowledge

Hall says we use

three methods to interpret, respond or decode ideology

Dominant

consistent with the encoded ideology

Negotiated

partially consistent with and partially inconsistent or dissonant with the

encoded ideology.

Oppositional

inconsistent or dissonant with the encoded ideology

Any media discussion should address

media ethics issues: social media

technology, graphic images and conflict of interest

What is ethics?

Process of finding rational justification for our actions when

values conflict

Good ethical deliberation addresses:

Duty, values and responsibility, honesty, transparency and freedom from

conflict of interest, harm and mitigation of harm

High transparency builds

high credibility

Dilemma of social media technology is

deep and persistent moral quandary of

addictiveness exacerbated by AI optimized algorithms, as tik-tok algorithm

“figures your deepest desires

News moral dilemma to

document or intervene is ever present.

Media Ethics is an important knowledge area and critical skill set for media

analysis and to develop “a solid

foundation in ethical thinking and responsible

media behavior”

Ethics theory with case studies help explain:

key ethical principles and their application in real-world media practice

to

build “understanding of and appreciation for the deliberative process required

for

responsible media practice”… and address “key ethical principles including

transparency, justice, harm, autonomy, privacy, and community

provide

examples of media

behaviors that have posed real-life dilemmas”…and

“underscore the need for ethical media practice

Case studies, media research and ethics theory applications to media

technologies”

help illustrate challenges of “moral decision-making in everyday

life, the key factors involved in being a responsible media consumer and ethical

and policy questions surrounding Big Data and our data-driven media system.

Media can

foster ethical thought and decision-making” …in media journalism,

public relations, advertising, strategic communication, and media marketing.

Free speech, rather than an end in itself

is a means to help us

accomplish other democracy-enhancing ends.

Harms posed by hate speech are

more wide-ranging than often

assumed

Journalists are hard-wired to

spotlight extreme speech, which

might be part of the problem

Championing free speech is

just one of many journalistic duties;

the duty to minimize harms of hate speech is often overlooked

Some journalism ethics scholars argue that the way news

presents hate speech is simplistic and

often seems to violate the

journalistic duty to minimize harm

Among the many duties that

journalists have

spotlighting such harms should be near the top of

the list

Social Media Technology, design and architecture, can

distort, allow algorithm

bias, “encourage moral grandstanding…monologue and discourage dialogue

Engagement is used, often means

emotionality… triggers outrage, anger,

shame” as a metric of success

Cheap Speech in digital discourse, with

no stakes” low cost of spreading

misinformation and disinformation, but profitability is high

without news literacy social media can leave us

ill-equipped

to make… important distinctions about media content”…idea of a ‘flattened

hierarchy of credibility’

Moral responsible action: “de-platform

bad actors’, raise cost of cheap speech,

reduce complicity in corrosive trends, encourage dialogue over monologue, values

of empathy, civility, humility, conscience and curiosity

Thinking is an action

thoughts are the laboratory, where one goes to

pose questions and find answers and the place where visions of theory and

praxis come together.

The heartbeat of critical thinking is the

longing to

know to understands how life works Across the boundaries of race, class,

gender and circumstance

children come into the world of wonder and

language, consumed with a desire for knowledge. Sometimes they are so

eager for knowledge they become

relentless interrogators-demanding to

know the who, what, when, where and why of life.

Searching for answers,

they learn almost instinctively how to think

then utilizing that knowledge

in a manner that enables you to determine what matters most

Critical

thinkers…learn to

embrace the joy and power of thinking itself

critical thinking is

interactive…it calls for initiative from

everyone…actively inviting all to think passionately and share ideas in a

passionate open manner.

Everyone…recognizes they are responsible for

creating a

learning community together…critical thinking empowers us

Grace: touched by love “The search for love

continues even in the face of great odds

Clarity: give love words “love is most often

defined as a noun…we would all love better if we used it as a verb

Justice: childhood love lessons “There can be no

love without justice

Honesty: be true to love “the heart of

justice is truth telling

Commitment: let love be love in me “Commitment to truth telling lays

the groundwork for openness and honesty that

is the heartbeat of love

Spirituality: divine love “living life in touch with divine

spirit lets us see the light of love in all living things

Values: living by a love ethic “ Awakening to love can only

happen when we let go of our obsession with power and

domination

Greed: simply love “Isolation and loneliness are

central causes of depression and despair…the outcome of life in a

culture where things matter more than people

Community: loving communion “There is no better way to learn about

the art of loving than in community

Mutuality: the heart of love “Love allows us

to enter paradise

Romance: sweet love “Love saves us

only if we want to be saved

Loss loving into life and death “Our will to grow in spirit

and truth is how we stand before life and death, ready to

choose life

Healing: redemptive love “Love heals. When we are wounded in the

place where we would know love it is difficult to

imagine that love has the power to change everything

Destiny: when angels speak of love “they

tell us paradise is our home and love our true destiny

Critical Thinking as Transformation: “Critical thinking is at the

heart of

anybody transforming their lives and allows us to dismantle barriers to

creative growth and transform our lives

We all use culture to navigate and negotiate the

“politics of difference”

to develop agency or empowerment.

Power to create media representations is power to decide

who does

what to whom?

Media reproduce dehumanized images of gender, race

and other identities, though media effects evidence

shows harm to

people.

“white supremacist capitalist patriarchy” is hooks term for the

institutional structure of “interlocking systems of domination that define

our reality”…we all “frame ourselves in relation to this political world.

Cultural consumption allows for entertainment without the challenge of

building deeper cultural understanding of difference

allows race

gender and other hegemonic privilege to remain unexamined,

unchallenged and unchanged