AP Euro WWI Note Review

hell

June 28, 1914

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian Hungarian Empire- Occurred in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungry

July 28, 1914

Austria-Hungry declares war on Serbia after tensions rise as countries mobilize - First declaration of war

Windsor

British ruling dynasty, changed from Saxe-Coburg

King George V

British monarch in 1914

Triple Entende/Alliance

Alliance originally between Britain, France, and Russia, but joined by the Balkan States/Serbia and later Italy; England had hegemony

“The sun never sets on the _ Empire”

British Empire - British often bragged that their empire, built by imperialism and their impressive navy, was so large the sun never set on it; created nationalism

The Third Republic

French government as of 1914

President Clemenceau

“The Tiger;” French President in 1914

Lose of Alsace and Lorraine

Due to a bitter loss in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, France was angry, they lost Alsace and Lorraine and the new German Kaiser for the newly unified Germany was crowned in French Versailles - the French people were bitter and united them with a common enemy, creating strong nationalism

Hohenzollern

The ruling dynasty of Prussia and eventually Germany after its unification in 1871

Kaiser Wilhelm II

German Kaiser as of 1914

Triple Alliance/Central Powers

Alliance originally between Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy; later joined by the Ottoman Empire

Most industrialized nation as of 1914

Germany due to industrializing after it’s unification in 1871 after victory in the Franco-Prussian War, creating extreme nationalism; arms race with England; wants a ‘place in the sun,’ referencing Britain’s vast empire and wanting to stake a claim in it

Saxe-Coburg

Belgium ruling dynasty; Related to Britain’s monarchs; German

Prince Albert I

Belgium’s monarch as of 1914

Neutral Nations as of 1914

Belgium, Balkan States, Ottoman Empire; LATER Italy

“Highway of Europe”

Belgium due to its small and flat geography; New country after the revolutions of 1830

Hapsburgs

Austria-Hungary’s ruling dynasty; in a dual monarchy with Hungary

Emperor Frans Josef

Austria-Hungary’s Emperor along with the Hungarian monarch; heir was Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Multi-ethnic, fragile country

Austria-Hungary’s vast amount of different nationalities made it the weakest of the five major European powers; Very dependent on Germany and will follow their lead; Annexed land that the Ottoman Empire was losing, i.e. the city of Sarajevo, Serbia

Balkan States

Lead by Serbia; contained many different nationalities all vying for independence from the Ottoman Turks and then Austria-Hungary; Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece

“Powder-keg of Europe”

Balkan States/Serbia; Newly independent from Ottoman Turks but slowly taken over by Austria-Hungary, i.e. Sarajevo; Slavics begin to call for a pan-Slovak movement for a unified Slovick country

Ottomans

Ruling dynasty of Ottoman Empire

Sultan Mohammed V

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire as of 1914

“Sick man of Europe”

Ottoman Empire due to its decreasing power and land i.e. losing the Balkan States

Romanovs

Ruling dynasty of Russia

Czar Nicholas II

Russian Czar as of 1914; ruled over the Russo-Japanese War, Bloody Sunday and Revolution of 1905, and the October Manifesto that resulted in the Duma

“Steamroller of Europe,” “Mother to the Slavs”

Russia due to the massive population allowed it to steamroll any country with people, Industrialism furthered this as the Russo-Japanese War forced Russia to Industrialize; Heir to the throne Alexander had hemophilia but it was kept super quiet from the public, Rasputin, a monk, supposedly performed miracles to heal him which created rumors that the Czarina was engaging in an affair with Rasputin; Lenin was planning the Bolshevik/Communist Revolution in London

Savoy

Ruling dynasty of Italy

King Victor Emmanuel III

Monarch in Italy as of 1914

New Country as of 1870

Italy; Also wants Unredeemed Italy (Land in Northern Italy, in the mountains) back from Austria-Hungary, and it goes so far that Italy refuses to fight with their ally Austria-Hungary because they want their land back