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what is the cell cycle
the events in a cell’s life in which it is born, grows and reproduces
2 stages of the cell cycle
growth- interphase
division- mitosis and cytokinesis
the cell spends almost _% of its life growing
90
a cell in interphase
grows and carries out its normal functions
makes copies of its organelles and forms new ones
makes a copy of its DNA
makes mistakes while copying its DNA and fixes them before cell division starts
DNA during interphase is
chromatin which is thin and stringy in apperance
Stages of interphase
G1 (growth)
S (synthesis
G2 (growth)
G1 phase
cell is in its first growth phase
Growing and carrying out metabolic ( e.g producing proteins)
S phase
Cell makes an entire identical copy of its DNA
G2 phase
Cell moves into its second growth phase
Approaches its maximum size and produces the structures needed for mitosis
Mitosis
Contents of the nucleus (DNA) separate into 2 identical copies
4 phases of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
pro = before=first
Chromosomes coil (condense) and thicken
Nuclear membrane disappears
Centrioles start to move to opposite poles of the cell
Spindle fibres start to form, originating from the centrioles

Metaphase
Meta = middle
Centrioles are located at the opposite poles
Spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each double stranded chromosome and along them at the center of the cell

Anaphase
ana = back/seperate
Each double stranded chromosome splits
Sister chromatids get pulled apart and backwards toward opposite poles

Telophase
Telo = end
Nuclear membrane forms around each new set of single-stranded chromosomes
Chromosomes stretch out (decondense) and become thin (chromatin)
Cytokinesis
cytoplasm and other organelles are distributed amongst the 2 new identical daughter cells
Cell membrane forms around each
Cytokinesis in animal cells
cell membrane pinches in the middle and creates a cleavage furrow

Cytokinesis in plant cells
A cell plate is formed that develops into a new cell wall

Checkpoints in a cell cycle
During the cell cycle activities are controlled at specific points
At each specialised proteins monitor cell activities and send messages to the nucleus
Nucleus tells the cell whether to divide