ANTISEPTICS

Sterilization

Ultimate goal of any infection control protocol

Sterilization

killing of all forms of microorganism

Sterilization in dental clinic

dry heat, steam & chemical vapor sterilization units

Sterilization in dental clini medicine

ethylene oxide & formaldehyde gases, UV & gamma radiation & filtration

Disinfection

application of chemicals to destroy most pathogenic organism on inanimate surfaces

FDA

under antiseptics

Halogens & halogen-releasing componds

MOA depend on the free halogen reacting covalently with key microbail enzyme systems

reactions with sulfhydryls & disulfides within protiens

Sites of Actions (for Halogens & Halogen-releasing compounds)

Chlorine & Iodine

halogens

Chlorines

• Salts of (sodium, calcium & Lithium) of hypochlorite in the form chloride lime

Sodium hypochloride

disinfectant under chlorine

For HBV in hospitals

Sodium hypochloride/Chlorine

• Offensive odor

• Corrode metals

• Need to prepare diluted solution fresh daily

disadvantage of chlorines

Iodine & iodophors

Non toxic & noncorrosive

Iodine & iodophors

Broad spectrum of activity

• discoloration of skin & other materials

• having an odor

• painful to open wounds

disadvantage of iodine & iodophors

Iodophors

An excellent cleansing agents

surfactant effect

iodophors

Glutaraldehyde

• Immersion disinfectant

Glutaraldehyde

Cross-linking of microbial proteins

Glutaraldehyde

Not affected by organic materials

Glutaraldehyde

Skin irritation

Glutaraldehyde

asthma

Glutaraldehyde

Limited to instruments that should be sterilized but cannot withstand the high heat

Glutaraldehyde

Needs initial cleaning

Glutaraldehyde

proloned immersion

Glutaraldehyde

terminal thorough rinse with sterile water

Cresol

coal tar disinfectants

Lysol

50% mixture of cresol in saponified vegetable oil

EUGENOL guiaiacol

• weak antimicrobial actv

• rapid analgesic properties

EUGENOL guiaiacol

component of sedative pastes in dentistry

oil of cloves

EUGENOL guiaiacol

EUGENOL guiaiacol

Declined use because of allergic sensitization

Bisphenols

Handwash antiseptics

Hexachlorophene

bisphenol

chlorhexidine gluconate

bisphenol

parachlormetaxylenol

bisphenol

Hexachlorophene

• accumulate in the skin

• most effective vs gm positive org

• impt comp in surgical soaps; accumulate in scalp

• neurotoxicity

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

hand hygiene

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Disruption of membrane function

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

HAVE AN ANTIVIRUS EFFECT

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Have SUBSTANTIVITY

BISPHENOLS

Oral rinses: reduce plaque formation & gingivitis

BISPHENOL

•May cause calculus formation, staining of teeth & alteration taste perception

calculus formation

may cause of Chlorhexidine Gluconate

staining of teeth

may cause of Chlorhexidine Gluconate

alteration taste perception

may cause of Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Parachlormetaxylenol (chloroxylenol)

Handwash antiseptic

Parachlormetaxylenol (chloroxylenol)

Disruption of the antimicrobial cell wall & enzyme inactivation

Parachlormetaxylenol (chloroxylenol)

Gm positive effects

Parachlormetaxylenol (chloroxylenol)

antifungal effects

Kill Pseudomonas sp

Parachlormetaxylenol (chloroxylenol)

TRICLOSAN

antimicrobial soaps

TRICLOSAN

mouth rinses

TRICLOSAN

antiplaque agent

TRICLOSAN

Effective cytoplasmic membrane functions & sysnthesis of RNA, fatty acids proteins by binding to protein reductase

Ethanol & ISOPRAPANOL

carriers & antimicrobials

alcohols

Low cost, rapid evaporation & lack of residue: disinfecting inanimate objects

alcohols

Detrimental effect of dental equipment surfaces

alcohols

Topical antiseptics in addition to disinfection

Surface active agents

Detergent effect

Surface active agents

Ability to interact noncovalently with membrane proteins & lipids

Anionic agents

soaps & dodecylsulfate detergents

cleansing & emulsifying

Anionic agents

Cetylpyridium chloride, benzethonium chloride

mouth rinses

Hydrogen peroxide

most common

OXIDIZING COMPOUND - Hydrogen peroxide

3% effective against vegetative bacteria

OXIDIZING COMPOUND - Hydrogen peroxide

6% sporicidal

6% Hydrogen peroxide

oxygenating compounds AKA?

Antiseptic

Hydrogen peroxide

debridement agent WITH tuberculocidal activity

Hydrogen peroxide

Plus sodium bicarbonate (OC)

may be used against the anaerobic bacteria prevalent in peridontal disease

Mercury & silver compounds

heavy metals

Silver nitrate - HEAVY METAL

treat oral ulcers BUT MAY DELAY HEALING

Stannous fluoride - HEAVY METAL

flouride source in dentifrices for gingival health

Tin (stannous ion) - HEAVY METAL

effective antimicrobial