Etik Finals

What is Political Ethics?

The moral principles that guide the behavior and decisions of political leaders and government officials.

What does Political Ethics focus on?

Determining what is right or wrong in governance and the ethical use of power.

What question does Political Ethics address about leaders?

What should leaders do?

What question does Political Ethics address about actions?

What determines whether political actions are right or wrong?

What question does Political Ethics address about power?

How can power be exercised ethically?

What is Governance?

The process of making and implementing government decisions.

Why is ethical governance important?

It promotes trust, fairness, and development.

What is Integrity?

Acting according to strong moral principles even when no one is watching.

Example of Integrity?

A senator refuses to misuse government funds.

What is Accountability?

Being responsible for one's actions and answerable to the public.

Example of Accountability?

A barangay captain resigns after misusing public funds.

What is Rule of Law?

Following laws and legal procedures.

Example of Rule of Law?

A governor obeys a court order even if it delays a popular project.

What is Bribery?

Offering or accepting money, gifts, or favors to influence decisions.

Example of Bribery?

A contractor secretly pays an official to win a government project.

What is Nepotism?

Favoring relatives in hiring or promotions regardless of qualifications.

Example of Nepotism?

A mayor appoints an unqualified cousin to an important position.

What are Ghost Projects?

Fake projects or inflated project costs used to steal public funds.

Example of a Ghost Project?

Funds for a school building are stolen and the building is never constructed.

What is Vote Buying?

Giving money, goods, or services in exchange for votes.

Example of Vote Buying?

Candidates distribute cash or groceries to voters.

What is a Political Dynasty?

Concentration of political power within a family across generations.

Example of a Political Dynasty?

Members of the same family continuously occupy government positions.

What is the first responsibility of citizens?

Vote responsibly.

How should citizens vote responsibly?

Choose leaders based on qualifications and policies.

Why should citizens participate in public assemblies?

To attend meetings and voice community concerns.

How can citizens report corruption?

Through proper channels such as the 8888 Citizen's Complaint Hotline.

What does demanding transparency mean?

Requesting information about government budgets and projects.

How can citizens promote political ethics?

By educating others about ethical governance.

Name two accountability institutions in the Philippines.

Commission on Audit (COA) and Office of the Ombudsman.

What does FOI stand for?

Freedom of Information.

What is Globalization?

The process where businesses, cultures, technologies, and people become interconnected across countries.

What are the main drivers of globalization?

Trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

What is Exploitation of Labor?

Companies seeking the cheapest labor, often resulting in unsafe conditions and low wages.

Example of Exploitation of Labor?

The Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh.

What is Child Labor and Forced Labor?

Exploitation of children and vulnerable workers to reduce production costs.

Example of Child Labor?

Children working on cocoa plantations in West Africa.

What is Job Displacement?

Jobs being outsourced to countries with cheaper labor.

Example of Job Displacement?

Manufacturing jobs moving overseas from the United States.

What is Widening Economic Inequality?

Economic growth increases but benefits are not distributed equally.

Example of Economic Inequality?

Corporations earn large profits while factory workers receive low wages.

What is Intersectional Ethics?

The study of how different identities combine to shape experiences of privilege or oppression.

What identities are considered in Intersectional Ethics?

Gender, race, class, sexuality, and ability.

What is the first core principle of Intersectional Ethics?

Multiple Identities.

What does Multiple Identities mean?

People possess overlapping identities that affect their experiences.

What is the second core principle of Intersectional Ethics?

Interconnected Systems of Power.

What does Interconnected Systems of Power mean?

Different disadvantages interact and cannot be understood separately.

What is the third core principle of Intersectional Ethics?

Social Justice and Equity.

What does Social Justice and Equity mean?

Policies should address the specific needs of marginalized groups.

Who coined the term "intersectionality"?

Kimberlé Crenshaw.

What important work did Kimberlé Crenshaw publish in 1989?

Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex.

What is Ethics of Care?

A moral theory emphasizing relationships, empathy, compassion, and responsibility toward others.

What is the first key concept of Ethics of Care?

Relational and Interdependent Nature.

What does Relational and Interdependent Nature mean?

Humans are connected through relationships.

What is the second key concept of Ethics of Care?

Moral Importance of Emotions.

What does Moral Importance of Emotions mean?

Empathy and compassion help guide ethical decisions.

What is the third key concept of Ethics of Care?

Responsibility to Care.

What does Responsibility to Care mean?

People have a responsibility to care for dependent and vulnerable individuals.

Who is the major figure in Ethics of Care?

Carol Gilligan.

What book did Carol Gilligan write?

In a Different Voice (1982).

What did Carol Gilligan emphasize?

Care, relationships, and context in moral reasoning.

What is Animal Ethics?

The study of how humans should treat animals and whether animals deserve moral consideration and rights.

What is the first core principle of Animal Ethics?

Moral Consideration for Animals.

What does Moral Consideration for Animals mean?

Animal well-being should influence human decisions.

What is the second core principle of Animal Ethics?

Animal Rights.

What does Animal Rights mean?

Animals possess inherent rights and deserve protection from suffering.

What is the third core principle of Animal Ethics?

Animal Welfare.

What does Animal Welfare mean?

Animals should be treated humanely and experience minimal pain.

Who is the major figure in Animal Ethics?

Peter Singer.

What book did Peter Singer write?

Animal Liberation (1975).

What did Peter Singer believe determines moral consideration?

The ability to suffer.

Who coined the term intersectionality?

Kimberlé Crenshaw.

Who wrote In a Different Voice?

Carol Gilligan.

Who wrote Animal Liberation?

Peter Singer.

What are the three core values of ethical leadership?

Integrity, Accountability, and Rule of Law.

What are the five common forms of corruption in the Philippines?

Bribery, Nepotism, Ghost Projects, Vote Buying, and Political Dynasty.

What are the three contemporary ethical theories discussed?

Intersectional Ethics, Ethics of Care, and Animal Ethics.