RESPIRATORYSYSTEM1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

To get oxygen from the air into the blood and to get rid of carbon dioxide.

What are the major organs of the respiratory system?

Nose, trachea, lungs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm.

What structure traps dust particles in the nose?

Fine hairs.

What is the role of mucus in the respiratory system?

To moisten the air as it passes inwards and to trap bacteria.

What is the shape of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

C-shaped.

Which cells in the trachea help to move mucus?

Ciliated epithelial cells.

What are alveoli?

Tiny sacs in the lungs specialized for gas exchange.

List three adaptations of alveoli that allow effective gas exchange.

Large surface area, thin and elastic walls, surrounded by blood capillaries.

What happens during inhalation?

The rib cage moves down and in, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, decreasing pressure in the lungs and allowing air to rush in.

Define diffusion in the context of gas exchange in the respiratory system.

The movement of gas molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

What is the relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin?

Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.

What is the process of cellular respiration?

The process in which food is oxidized in cells to release energy.

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Glucose + oxygen ➔ energy + carbon dioxide + water.

What is internal respiration?

Exchanging gases between the blood and body cells.

What role does the diaphragm play in breathing?

It contracts and relaxes to change the volume of the thoracic cavity, aiding in inhalation and exhalation.

What happens to oxygen in body cells during respiration?

It is used in cellular processes and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product.

How does oxygen reach the skeletal muscles?

Oxygen enters the blood at the alveoli and is transported in red blood cells as oxyhaemoglobin.