IBT 6: Technology transfers & protection of IP
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37 Terms
what is IP?
creations of the mind (inventions, works, symbols, designs)
what are the two main categories of IP?
industrial property and copyright
what is the principle of territoriality?
IP must be protected separately in each country
what is the principle of exclusivity?
owner has the right to exclude others from use
are IP rights permanent?
no, they are limited in time
what is technology transfer?
transfer of knowledge for production or services
is selling goods considered technology transfer?
no
how is technology transfer usually done?
licensing, joint ventures
what is the main issue in technology transfer?
IP theft/piracy
why is technology transfer risky?
loss of control over knowledge
what does the Paris Convention cover?
patents, trademarks, industrial designs
what is World Intellectual Property Organization?
UN agency managing IP treaties
what is TRIPS?
WTO agreement setting minimum IP standards
what is a patent?
exclusive right to a technical invention
conditions for a patent?
novelty, inventive step, industrial applicability
what is the duration of a patent?
20 years
what is know-how?
valuable practical knowledge
what is a trade secret?
confidential information with economic value
is registration required for trade secrets?
no
what is a trademark?
sign distinguishing goods/services
does trademark protection vary?
yes, by country
what does copyright protect?
creative works fixed in a tangible medium
duration of copyright?
70 years after author’s death
what is assignment?
transfer of ownership
what is licensing?
permission to use IP without ownership
what is a royalty?
payment for using IP
advantage of licensing?
low cost, quick income
risk of licensing?
loss of control
what is franchising?
use of IP and business model
two types of franchising?
product vs business franchise
what controls technology transfer?
national laws, antitrust, export controls
why regulate technology transfer?
national security
which statement about IP is correct?
IP is territorial
a company shares technology but keeps ownership. This is:
licensing
which is NOT required for a patent?
confidentiality
what is the main advantage of trade secrets?
unlimited duration
which is a risk of licensing?
loss of control