Gastrointestinal System - STOMACH + INTESTINES

Stomach function

Store nutrients

Mechanical breakdown

Chemical breakdown

Hormone secretion

Acid secretion

Microbial defense

Gastritis

Inflammation of stomach lining

Acute gastritis cause

NSAIDs

Smoking

Heavy alcohol use

Burns

Brain injury

Chronic gastritis cause

Autoimmune

H. Pylori infection

T/F: acute gastritis is often asymptomatic

True

Peptic ulcer disease

Erosion or ulceration of stomach/duodenum

Peptic ulcer disease risk factors

NSAIDs

H. Pylori infection

Stress, diet, caffeine, tobacco**, alcohol

2 types of peptic ulcer disease

1. Gastric ulcers (GUs)

2. Duodenal Ulcers (DUs)

Gastric ulcers common cause

NSAIDs

Duodenal ulcers common cause

H. Pylori infection

Type of ulcer in which pain is worse after meals

Duodenal ulcers

Type of ulcer in which pain is worse with eating

Gastric

Complications with peptic ulcer disease

Bleeding

Perforation

Gastric cancer demographic

Male

Over 50

Gastric cancer causes

H. Pylori

Nitrosamines (diet)

Smoking

Gastric cancer pathogenesis

Chronic inflammation

Intestinal metaplasia

Dysplasia

Carcinoma

What symptoms could a patient have that would make you consider GI?

Thoracic spine pain

RUQ pain

Shoulder pain

Longest part of GI tract

Small intestine

Small intestine functions

Digestion

Absorption

Immune system

Large intestine function

Water absorption

Transmission and elimination of content

Celiac disease

Autoimmune intolerance to gluten

Causes inflammation and damage to intestinal lining

Shortened villi —> decreased ability to absorb nutrients

Celiac disease symptoms

Weight loss

Diarrhea

Weakness

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Clostridium Difficile Colitis precautions

Wash hands w/ soap and water

Contact precautions

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

Crohn's disease

Ulcerative colitis

Crohn's Disease (CD)

Chronic

Lifelong

Inflammatory

Skip lesions are associated with

Chron's disease

Crohn's Disease leads to (full/partial) thickness chronic inflammation

Full

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) only involves

Colon

Terminal ileum

Mucosal surface inflammation is involved with

Ulcerative colitis

Associated with bloody diarrhea

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative Colitis is associated with increased risk of

Colon cancer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Not inflammatory

Functional disorder

IBS affects more

Women

IBS treatment

Treat symptoms

Manage stress

Diverticular disease

Outpouching of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layer

Seen with low fiber diets

Diverticular disease

Diverticular disease is usually located in

Sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of diverticula

Colon polyps

Adenomas

Benign tumor of mucosa

Colorectal adenocarcinoma risk factors

Obesity

Older males

Hx of polyps

Ulcerative colitis

Genetic, family hx

One of the most common malignancies in the US

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

A normal mucosa can turn into ___ which can turn into ____

Polyp

Carcinoma

Time frame of colorectal cancer

10 years

Symptoms of colon cancer

Weight loss

Abdominal pain

Change in bowel habits

Blood in stool

Blood loss - occult

Change in stool caliber

Obstruction

Metastasis

List some conditions that could be affected/worsened by increased intra-abdominal pressure during exercise.

Esophageal Varices

Hiatal Hernia

GERD