PREFI COGPSYCH

Attention

the act of focusing one's senses on a specific stimulus

or set of stimuli, while ignoring others

Michael Graziano

a neuroscientist who proposed

the theory of attention schema theory

attention schema theory

The theory proposes that the brain constructs a model of attention, called the attention schema, to help control attention

Selective attention

Focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others

Sustained attention

Focusing on a single task for a period of time or until it's complete.

Divided attention

Focusing on multiple stimuli at the same time

Executive attention

Regulating oneself to focus on creating steps to complete a goal

Spatial attention

Focusing on one part of the environment and then moving attention to other parts

Consciousness

the state of being aware of one 's surroundings and oneself and is a fundamental part of human existence.

theory of consciousness

consciousness is the perception of what happens in

a person's mind, and is different from sensory perception

self-identity

rooted not in the substance of the soul or body but in continuous consciousness

Personal identity

refers to what makes a person the

same individual over time

self

the entity that possesses a continuous sense of identity through

time, thanks to memory and consciousness

Self-Reflection

the ability to reflect on one' s thoughts and experiences, which enables self recognition over time

man

the biological or physical human being

person

the selfaware being with consciousness

Conscious

What you are currently aware of

Preconscious

Information that is not currently in your awareness,

but can be accessed if needed

Unconscious

Memories that are outside of your awareness and

inaccessible

Non-conscious

Bodily functions that occur automatically without

awareness or sensation

Subconscious

Information that is out of consciousness and not

immediately available

Self-conscious

Being aware of yourself as an individual separate from the environment and other people

Knowledge Organization

It refers to the methods used to classify and arrange

information within our cognitive frameworks to enhance accessibility and comprehension

Knowledge Representation

pertains to the manner in which we structure, retain, and comprehend information in our minds

Images

Mental representations that assist us in visualizing

ideas

Propositions

Statements that communicate relationships b

etween various concepts

Hierarchical Organization

Information is arranged in a descending manner, progressing from broad categories to more specific ones

Semantic Network Theory

This theory suggests that concepts are stored in a hierarchy,

which supports faster retrieval of closely related ideas

Associative Organization

Information is structured based on the relationships and links among various concepts, forming a network-like arrangement

Spreading Activation Model

This model indicates that when a particular concept is

activated mentally, related ideas also become activated

Schemas

Cognitive structures or frameworks that assist us in organizing and interpreting information based on our personal experiences and knowledge

Person Schemas

Frameworks that encompass details about particular

individuals

Social Schemas

Knowledge structures regarding social roles, norms, and behaviors in specific scenarios

Event Schemas

Mental representations outlining the expected sequence of

actions for specific events or situations

Memory Organization

Schemas assist us in structuring our memories, facilitating the retrieval of related data

Memory Distortion

When new information contradicts current

schemas, it may result in changed or distorted memories

Assimilation

Incorporating new information into preexisting schemas

Accommodation

Changing schemas when new information doesn't align

Frederic Bartlett

He was one of the first to investigate memory and schemas, demonstrating how they influence our comprehension of information

Allan Collins and Ross Quillian

They formulated the Semantic Network Theory and Spreading Activation Model, which offered understanding into how we categorize and access information

Jean Piaget

His research on cognitive development highlightedthe progression of schemas through processes of assimilation and accommodation