chem final version c

What does AX + BY -> AY + BX represent?

Double-replacement

A halogen can replace another halogen in solution only if it is ____ it in Group 7A.

Above

What are the coefficients that balance C₄H₁₀ + O₂ -> CO₂ + H₂O?

2, 13, 8, 10

When balancing, what may be used temporarily in combustion?

Fractional O₂

How are net ionic equations written?

By removing spectators from the complete ionic

What type of reaction is 2KClO₃(s) -> 2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g)?

Decomposition

Which pair is most likely to produce a precipitate?

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq)

In net ionic equations, what are spectator ions?

Ions that appear unchanged on both sides

What is the net ionic equation for AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)?

Ag⁺ + Cl⁻ -> AgCl(s)

What type of reaction reacts with oxygen as a key reactant?

Combustion

Stoichiometry is based primarily on which law?

Law of Conservation of Mass

What is the mole ratio of Aluminum to Aluminum Oxide in the reaction 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃?

4:2 (or 2:1)

In a reaction, how much should 100g of reactants produce?

Exactly 100g of products

To determine the limiting reagent, what must be compared?

Moles of product each reactant can produce

How many molecules are in 0.50 moles of CO₂?

3.01 × 10²³ molecules

What does a percent yield of 100% mean?

The actual yield equals the theoretical yield

How is molarity calculated?

Moles / Liters

What is the molar mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃?

342 g/mol

In the equation M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, what must the volume (V) be in?

Any unit, as long as they are the same on both sides

What is the theoretical yield?

The maximum amount of product that can be formed

What is compressibility?

How much volume decreases under pressure

What does Gay-Lussac's Law relate to?

Pressure and temperature

If you have 2.0 moles of gas, what variable are you describing?

n

What is the approximate value of the Ideal Gas Constant (R)?

0.0821

Which of the following is NOT true about real gases?

They follow the Ideal Gas Law perfectly under all conditions

As temperature increases, what happens to the kinetic energy of gas particles?

Increases

What is effusion?

Gas escaping through a small opening

At STP, what is the pressure?

1.0 atm

Which law explains why tire pressure increases as the tire warms up?

Gay-Lussac's Law

If the amount of gas (n) and the temperature (T) are constant, what happens if you double the volume?

Pressure is halved

Where are catalysts written in a chemical equation?

Above the yield arrow

What is an intermediate?

A substance produced in one step and consumed in another

At equilibrium, what is true about the rate of the forward reaction?

Equal to the reverse reaction

Which value of Keq indicates that the products are favored?

Keq = 500

Why does increasing the concentration of reactants increase the rate?

There are more frequent collisions

What does the reaction 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l) show in terms of entropy?

Decrease

If ΔG is zero, what is true about the system?

At equilibrium

In an exothermic reaction, how is heat treated?

As a product

What happens when a catalyst is added to an equilibrium system?

Increases the rate of reaching equilibrium, but not shift the position

When is an endothermic reaction spontaneous?

If ΔS is positive and temperature is high

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

A proton donor

Which of the following is a triprotic acid?

H₃PO₄

If [H⁺] = [OH⁻] in a solution, what is the solution?

Neutral

What is the name of the OH⁻ ion?

Hydroxide ion

Which theory is considered the broadest because it does not require the presence of hydrogen?

Lewis

What is the pOH of a solution that has a pH of 3.4?

10.6

What is a characteristic of a strong base?

It ionizes completely to produce OH⁻ ions

What is the conjugate base of H₂O?

OH⁻

What can a Lewis base do?

Donate a pair of electrons

What is acid rain primarily caused by?

The formation of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere