Physics Quiz 2

Archimedes

Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, etc who discovered the law of buoyancy, provides that the surface area of a sphere is four times that of it’s greatest circle. Invented the Archimedes screw, the lever and the pulley, the grappling claw, and the Sand Reckoner.

The Sand Reckoner

A system for expressing large numbers to calculate how many grains of sand would fit in the universe. Was designed to remedy inadequacies in the greek numeral notation. Concluded that the number of grains of sand required to fill the universe was 10⁶³

How do you know if an object will sink

If the object’s weight is greater than the mass of the fluid it displaces

Determining Buoyancy?

Buoyancy is equal (=) to Mass of fluid displaced

Archimedes Mathematical Ladder

A logical chain of reasoning to estimate the size of the universe. How many grains of sand go into a → Poppy seed into a → Fingers into a→ Greek stadium. Concluded number of grains of sand to

Avogadro’s number

(Denoted as N₀​) is the numerical value representing the number of atoms or molecules found in one mole of any substance

Scientific notation

Mathematical method used to express and handle extremely large or very small numbers that would be impractical to write out in full

Inventions of Archimedes

Roman numeral system

Greek letter system

Archimedes Creations

Lever and Pulley, Archimedes Screw, and the “Claw”

Base 10

The position of a digit within a number tells you which power of ten it should be multiplied by. (Ex: 246= 2×100 (Hundreds place) +4×10 (Tens place) +6×1 (Ones place)

What does an apostrophus do

A backwards “C” that placed around a number that increases it’s value by a factor of 10. The more backwards “c”s there are, the greater the factor of 10. Ex:

What does a vinculum do

Can multiply a number by 1000 (One line with numerals under it) or 100,000 (almost enclosed box- a line above and on both sides)

Amadeo Avogadro

Hypothesized that equal volumes of different gases will contain the same number of molecules if they are kept at the same temperature and pressure (Avogadro’s Law).

umbra

Darkest part of a shadow where the light source is completely blocked by an object

penumbra

The outer part of the shadow where light is only partially blocked

Aristarchus

Proposed the heliocentric model/system which posits that the Earth revolves around the sun.