U.S history unit 12- civil rights vocab

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education?

Declared school segregation unconstitutional.

What does school desegregation aim to achieve?

Ending racial separation in schools.

Who were the Little Rock Nine?

Black students who integrated a segregated high school in Arkansas.

What was Rosa Parks known for in relation to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Protest against bus segregation after Parks’ arrest.

Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?

Leader of nonviolent civil rights protests.

What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?

An organization led by MLK promoting nonviolent protest.

What was the role of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

A student group organizing sit-ins and voter registration.

What did Malcolm X advocate for?

Black empowerment and self-defense.

What is civil disobedience?

Refusing to obey unjust laws peacefully.

What was the Birmingham Campaign?

Protests that exposed segregation and police brutality.

What significant speech did Martin Luther King Jr. give at the March on Washington?

“I Have a Dream.”

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?

Outlawed discrimination in public places and employment.

What did the 24th Amendment abolish?

Poll taxes in federal elections.

What was the ruling in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States?

Upheld the Civil Rights Act; banned racial discrimination in businesses.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 achieve?

Ended literacy tests and protected voting rights.

What was the impact of The Feminine Mystique?

Inspired the modern feminist movement.

What was the significance of Roe v. Wade?

Legalized abortion (later overturned in 2022).

What did Title IX accomplish?

Banned sex discrimination in education.

What did the Equal Pay Act require?

Equal pay for equal work.

What is the American Indian Movement?

A movement that fought for Native American rights.

What did the Chicano Movement advocate for?

Mexican American equality.

What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

Guaranteed education for students with disabilities.

What was the ruling in Gideon v. Wainwright?

Guaranteed the right to a lawyer.

What was established in Miranda v. Arizona?

Police must inform suspects of their rights.

What did Engel v. Vitale ban?

School-sponsored prayer.

What was the ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines?

Protected student free speech.

What was the outcome of New Jersey v. T.L.O.?

Allowed reasonable searches in schools.

What do the Stonewall Riots represent?

Sparked the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.

What is the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

Protects the environment and enforces environmental laws.

What is affirmative action?

Policies to increase opportunities for minorities and reduce discrimination.