Ch 4 Carbs structure and function

monosaccharides

monomers of carbohydrates

aldoses

the name given to carbs that have an aldehyde as the most

ketoses

the name given to carbs that have a ketone as the most oxidized functional group

The aldehyde carbon; the ketone carbon

Which carbon can participate in glycosidic linkages in an aldose? For Ketose?

enantiomers

two stereoisomers that are nonidentical, nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other

horizontal; vertical

In a Fischer projection, _____________ lines (horizontal or vertical) are wedges and ___________ lines (horizontal or vertical) are dashes

enantiomers

D-glucose and L-glucose are examples of _________?

diastereomers

two sugars that are either both ketoses or aldoses and have the same number of carbons and are not identical and not mirror images of each other are __________?

epimers

a subtype of diastereomers that differ in configuration at exactly one chiral center

False. A molecule can only have one enantiomer and may have multiple diastereomers

True or False: a molecule can have only one diastereomer, but multiple enantiomers

pyranose

a six membered ring that is formed during cyclization

furanose

a five membered ring that is formed during cyclization

hemiacetals

a cyclized sugar that previously had an aldehyde on it

hemiketals

a cyclized sugar that previously had a ketone on it

anomeric carbon

the previously carbonyl carbon that become chiral when oxygen attacks during cyclization

anomers

two sugar molecules that can arise from cyclization, one is the alpha and the other is beta

alpha anomer

the anomer that has the hydroxyl group of C-1 trans to the CH2OH group (axial and down)

beta anomer

the anomer that has the hydroxyl group of C-1 cis to the CH2OH group (equatorial and up)

mutarotation

the spontaneous change of configuration about C-1 between the alpha and beta anomer in the presence of water