Foodservice Equipment and Small-wares

What six places establish the requirements for material, construction, safety, and sanitation for tools and equipment used within foodservice?

1. American Standards Association

2. American Gas Association

3. National Board of Fire Underwriters

4. Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

5. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

6. National Sanitation Foundation Intl.

What does the National Sanitation Foundation do?

determines the consensus standards for design, construction, installation of kitchen tools, cookware, and equipment

• ensures that things can be easily cleaned, all surfaces are nontoxic, nonabsorbent, and nonreactive, all contact surfaces and internal corners are smooth, coating materials are nontoxic and easily cleaned, and that waste/liquids can be easily removed

• explains why we mainly use stainless steel equipment

What does the Underwriters Laboratory do?

ensures that gas/electric equipment meet published safety standards

How are liquids measured in a commercial setting?

via transparent graduated measuring cups with pouring lips

• place on flat surface and read at eye level

• can make use of rubber scrapers if you are trying to remove viscous liquids.

What are six portion control tools?

1. scales

2. scoops

3. ladles

4. spoodles

5. markers

6. ruler

What are two different types of scales?

1. electronic scales (allow you to tare)

2. portion scale

Describe how scoops get their corresponding scoop number.

scoop size is determined by the number of servings it can get from 1 quart (32 ounces)

• ex: #8 scoop = 32 oz / 4 oz (as the scoop gives 4 oz servings)

• in general, the bigger the scoop number, the smaller the serving

What are the different ladle sizes (5)?

1. 1 oz (1/8 cup)

2. 2 oz (1/4 cup)

3. 4 oz (1/2 cup)

4. 6 oz (3/4 cup)

5. 8 oz (1 cup)

What is a spoodle?

cross between a ladle and a spoon

What are slotted spoons?

spoons with holes

What are the four different types of thermometers?

1. bi-metallic

2. infrared

3. meat

4. candy

What are some characteristics of a bi-metallic thermometer?

easy to calibrate, most commonly use

• calibrate via boiling point or freezing point

What are some characteristics of infrared thermometers?

• can be use for the interior of the fridge

What are some characteristics of meat thermometers?

• dont want to insert it into bone bc bone has extra heat

What are some characteristics associated with a candy thermometer?

• made for high heat and sugar specifically

• help to determine the texture of your candy (soft ball vs hard ball)

What are skimmers/strainers, colanders and sieves?

help to separate liquid from food material, cook pasta, etc.

What is cookware commonly made of?

stainless steel

• rarely made of copper, as when there is an acidic food being cooked it can leach out (copper is toxic)

What are the different metals that cookware can be made out of (8)?

1. copper (toxic, so not really found in cookware as much)

2. aluminum

3. stainless steel (common, not that good of a conductor therefore it can sometimes have other layers of metal in it such as copper or aluminum)

4. cast iron

5. enamelware

6. nonstick coatings

7. ceramics

8. plastic

What is a mandoline?

What is an immersion blender?

portable blender that you can use to blend up hot soups/other things

• don’t have to put it into a mixing boil and change equipment

What are the different materials that cutting boards can be made out of (3)?

1. wooden

2. lucite (high-quality, transparent thermoplastic)

3. plastic

tend to be color coded depending on what you are cutting to prevent cross contamination

What are the different types of knives (4)?

1. carbon steel

2. stainless steel (majority)

3. high carbon steel (preferred and more expensive)

4. ceramic (can’t sharpen these)

What are lowerators/plate dispensors ?

can be heated or unheated, help to dispense plates

• weight of plates causes it to go down

What are two different types of sinks?

1. 3 compartment (washing/rinsing/sanitizing)

2. handwashing station

What are different types of holding equipment (7)?

1. insulated carriers (ex: pizza delivery)

2. chafers (think of filipino parties)

3. heat/infrared lamps

4. hot food holding cabinets

5. warming drawers

6. holding tables

7. steam table

What are the two benefits of trash compactors?

1. compacts trash

2. avoids people from dumpster diving

What are the five different types of fires?

What is flatware? What is hollow-ware?

flatware = utensils

hollow-ware = think of steaming milk and the container used

What is an inert metal?

one that does not react with food

What three metals are acceptable for foods?

1. stainless steel (sometimes has aluminum to decrease the weight)

2. aluminum

3. tin

Which metals are toxic and thus should not be used in with food items (7)?

1. zinc (soft)

2. copper (soft)

3. brass (soft)

4. lead

5. cadmium

6. bismuth

7. antimony

often used in foodservice, but not in food contact surface areas

If a soft metal (zinc, copper, and brass) are used, what is required before its use?

soft metals such as zinc, brass, and copper should be plated with hard metals first

What does the gauge of a metal represent?

gauge number relates to the thickness of a metal

• the thinner the metal, the higher the gauge number

What gauge is commonly used in foodservice equipment?

10-14 gauge gallivanted steel

• most common for equipment

What gauge is commonly used for table tops with heavy usage?

12 - 14 gauge stainless steel

What are some characteristics of stainless steel (6)?

1. high resistance to corrosion

2. inert chemically

3. durable

4. good appearance

5. expensive

6. not a good conductor of heat

What are the different stainless steel finishes (7)?

1. #1 = drab and rough

2. #2 = full finish, bright

3. #3 = full finish, dull

4. #4 = standard finish for foodservice equipment

5. #6 = soft, velvety finish

6. #7 = high glossy polish

What are some characteristics associated with aluminum (5)?

1. low cost

2. light in weight

3. good thermal and electrical conductivity

4. relatively hard and durable

5. discolors easily as it reacts with high acid or alkaline foods

What is galvanized steel?

steel and iron covered with zinc

• can be used for trashcans

Why can’t zinc be used in FS?

easily wears off

• common material for refrigerator doors and or waste containers

What are cast irons typically used for?

• used for braces, castings for stands and support

• heavy

• don’t wash with soap