Vertebral and Skeletal System

A set of flashcards covering the key concepts of the vertebral and skeletal system, including classifications of bones, types of joints, and specific bone counts and functions.

Vertebral Formulae

The arrangement of vertebrae in the human spine, represented as C(4) = 33.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage.

Human Skeleton

Total number of bones in an adult human is 206.

Cranium

The part of the skull that encloses the brain, consisting of 8 bones.

Vertebrae Count in Human Body

There are a total of 26 vertebrae in the human body.

Cervical Vertebrae

7 cervical vertebrae located in the neck region.

Sternum

The flat bone in the center of the chest that connects to the ribs.

Ear Ossicles

Small bones in the middle ear, specifically 6 in number.

Thoracic Vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae that correspond to the ribs.

Hyoid Bone

A single bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Lumbar Vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back.

Sacral Vertebrae

1 sacral vertebra, formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae.

Caudal Vertebrae

1 caudal vertebra, formed by the fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae.

Girdles

Structure composed of 6 bones, including the clavicle and scapula.

Pectoral Girdle

Consists of 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae.

Pelvic Girdle

Composed of 2 hip bones.

Fibrous Joints

Joints that do not allow movement, e.g., skull bones.

Appendicular Skeleton

Comprises 126 bones, including limbs and girdles.

Hind Limbs

60 bones in the hind limbs, 30 in each leg.

Femur

The thigh bone, of which there are 2.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints, e.g., joints between adjacent vertebrae.

Ball and Socket Joint

A type of joint that allows movement in multiple axes, e.g., hip joint.

Hinge Joint

Allows movement primarily in one plane, e.g., knee joint.

Pivot Joint

Allows rotational movement, e.g., between atlas and axis.

Saddle Joint

Allows movement in multiple directions, e.g., between carpals and metacarpals of the thumb.

Gliding Joints

Permit sliding movements, e.g., between carpal bones.