mixtures,solutions, and acids and bases

Element

A substance made of only one type of atom.

Compound

Matter made up of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio, always in the same combination.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically bonded.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed and can be seen individually.

Homogeneous Mixture

Also known as a solution; a mixture that is evenly mixed and appears the same throughout.

Solvent

The component of a solution that dissolves the solute, usually present in the greatest amount.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution, usually present in a smaller amount.

Concentration

A measure of the amount of solute per unit of solution, indicating how strong or weak a solution is.

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

Acid

A substance that donates hydrogen ions in solution, having a pH less than 7.

Base

A substance that donates hydroxide ions in solution or accepts hydrogen ions, having a pH greater than 7.

pH Scale

A scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Saturated Solution

A solution holding the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than it can normally dissolve at a given temperature.

Colloid

A mixture containing undissolved particles that do not settle out and scatter light.

Suspension

A mixture with larger particles that can be seen and will settle out over time.

Percent by Volume

The concentration of a solute in a solution expressed as the volume of solute divided by the total volume of solution, multiplied by 100.

Dilute Solution

A solution that contains a small amount of solute.

Concentrated Solution

A solution that contains a large amount of solute.