Psych week 6&7 memory

memory

the process that allows us to record, store and later retrieve experiences and infromation

involves taking something that we have observed and converting it into somthing that we can store retrive and use

3 memory systems

sensory

short term/ working

long term

sensory

a breif store of information

sensory info that we attend to is them passed onto short term memory

has endless capacity can hold for ½ a second

short term memory

makes a greater impression

passive stage

average of 7 pieces of information

2 types of rehearsal

elaborative - understanding what you are rehearsing

maintenance - repeating something over and over in your head.

working memory

storing

involves activly processing and manipulaitng the memory

long term memory

a perminent store

unlimited capasity

can decay over time

3 stages of memory

encoding

storage

retrieval

encoding

sensory information that is transferred into short term memory with rehearsal attuning to it

2 catagroies of encoding

shallow and deep

effortgful and automatic

shallow encoding

only superficial peices of information are learned

rote learning used

deep encoding

attention to the meaning of the material

gaining a conceptual understanding

easy to retrieve

effortful encoding

requires attention and effort at different levels

e.g memorising notes for an upcoming exam

semantic encoding

encoding the deepest level, relating the meaning to ourselves

storage

storing info in the brain.

being able to retain it for varoius lengths of time

retrieval

taking info out of the long term memory to be used by the short term memory and the working memory

involves reactivating stored info for usage.

recognition

already been provided with awnser making retreival easier

tip of the tongue phenomenon

temporary inability to recall infromation you know

priming

prior exposure to learned material effecting the processing of new material

retrieval cues

reminders of information that we would otherwise not recall.

guides where we should look for information

context effects

memory works better in context to origonal learning e.g environment, mood and state.

mood concurrent memory

state dependant memory

storage long term memory types

declaritve and non decrative

declarative (explicit)

occures with conous recall

2 types of declarative (explicit) memory

semantic

episodic

semantic memory

facts and general knowledge

episodic memory

personally experienced events

nondeclarative (implcit memory)

occures without concoius recall

2 types of implicit memory

skills both motor and congitive

and classical conditioning effects

prospective memory

for things that need to be done in the future

procedural memory

for skills and procedures

retrograde amnesia

inability to remeber events that occurred prior to brain trauma

anterograde amnesia

inability to remember events after brain trauma.