Identification

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Last updated 8:10 PM on 3/18/25
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13 Terms

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Modernization theory
Seymour Martin Lipset's theory that economic development leads to democracy, where wealthier, educated, and industrialized societies develop supportive values and institutions for democratic governance.
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State
A political entity characterized by defined territory, permanent population, a governing authority, and sovereignty to enact and enforce laws.
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Legitimacy
Max Weber's concept that identifies three types: traditional (based on customs), charismatic (from personal leader appeal), and legal-rational (founded in laws and institutions).
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Three waves of democratization
Samuel Huntington's description of three global democratization waves: the first wave (1820s-1920s), second wave (post-WWII), and third wave (1970s-1990s) involving multiple regions.
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Procedural definition of democracy
Focuses on democratic processes like free elections and political competition.
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Substantive definition of democracy
Considers broader outcomes such as civil liberties, political equality, and social justice.
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Fused-power system
A political structure where executive and legislative powers are linked, typical in parliamentary systems.
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Semi-presidential system
A government model that combines elements of presidential and parliamentary systems, featuring a president sharing power with a prime minister.
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Prime ministerial government
A system where the prime minister dominates policymaking, reducing the influence of the cabinet and parliament.
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Divided government
A scenario in presidential systems where the presidency is controlled by one political party while the legislature is controlled by another, often leading to gridlock.
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Coalition government
A government formed when multiple political parties collaborate to achieve a parliamentary majority, typical in proportional representation systems.
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Typology of Constitution
Categories of constitutions based on criteria like written vs. unwritten, rigid vs. flexible, or unitary vs. federal.
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Referendum
A direct vote by citizens on a specific policy issue or constitutional amendment, which can be binding or advisory.