Tectonics: the role of key players

4 different types/ categories of aid?

emergency

short term

long term

development aid (very similar if not the same to long term aid)

examples of diff stakeholders in managing and responding to hazards?

• local governments

• national governments

• communities and local people

• NGO’s

• aid donors

• insurance companies

give an example of a country and disaster where aid was controlled and managed by foreign countries and not the actual country suffering and why?

Haiti, after the 2010 EQ

due to high corruption in the government and uncertainty on whether the aid/ money was going to be used effectively and for the better of the country

The role of NGOs

-when they are very helpful/ important 

-give an eg^^

-what can they provide

-at which stages of the hazard management cycle are they important 

• crucial role esp when local gov is struggling to respond or doesn’t have sufficient resources to 

• eg: haiti 2010 because Haiti was too poor AND around ¼ of gov officials died

• can provide money, water, food, search and rescue efforts, help with reconstruction

• involved at all stages as they help communities build up their resilience

• EG: International Red Cross provided medical care and food etc. post 2010 Haiti EQ

the role of insurance companies

• disasters are expensive anywhere and so much loss

• economic loss esp can be enormous and overwhelming 

• eg: in 2021, econ loss worldwide from disasters was $343 billion!!

• insurance coverage can help communities recover

• gives people and b’s the money needed to repair and rebuild 

• BUT in lots of countries many dont have it as either: too poor or hazards arent regular enough or other economic needs are more imp or maybe not even available 

role of communties in managing loss

• after a disaster it is the local epople who are first to respond and so play an imp role in recovery

• immediate search and rescue efforts

• in remote or more isolate communities, aid can take days or weeks to arrive SO have to take recovery steps by selves: EG→ building temp shelters or clearing debris from roads

• community groups can have committees that get involved in devising strategies for long-term rebuilding and improving resilience

ALSO

• not only important where governments are weaker but also the extent of a community’s receptivity toward any gov advice and help is majorly important

eg: in Indonesia SO many people live near volcanoes for the fertile soil for agri DESPITE gov warnings and their establishing of “danger zones” to try and protect people

eg: one danger zone is on Mount Merapi where 1000s live within 10 km of its peak, on the slopes!!