GI Neoplasms

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma location

Upper and mid‑esophagus.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma location

Distal esophagus (near GE junction).

Esophageal SCC risk factors

Smoking, alcohol, hot beverages, caustic injury, achalasia.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk factors

Barrett’s esophagus, chronic GERD, obesity, smoking.

Esophageal cancer symptoms

Dysphagia (progressive), odynophagia, weight loss.

Esophageal SCC complications

Hoarseness (recurrent laryngeal nerve), aspiration, TE fistula.

Gastric cancer major risk factor

Helicobacter pylori.

Gastric cancer symptoms

Weight loss, abdominal pain, early satiety, anemia, GI bleeding.

Gastric cancer metastatic signs (Virchow, Krukenberg, Sister Mary Joseph=for STEP)

Virchow node (left supraclavicular), Krukenberg tumor (ovaries), Sister Mary Joseph nodule (umbilicus).

MALT lymphoma association

H. pylori infection; may regress with antibiotics.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) mutation, location, symptoms

c‑kit (CD117) gain‑of‑function. 70% in the stomach. GI bleeding, dyspepsia, obstruction; often asymptomatic until large. c-kit in the stomach, bleed

Small bowel adenocarcinoma associations

Crohn’s disease, FAP, HNPCC.

Small bowel lymphoma associations

Celiac disease, immunodeficiency.

Carcinoid tumor most malignant site

Midgut (ileum/jejunum).

Carcinoid tumor symptoms + cause

Neuroendocrine tumor; Flushing, Explosive watery diarrhea up to 30 times a day. Obstruction, intussusception, mesenteric fibrosis. NO spread to liver=NO carcinoid

Caused by release of bradykinins, serotonin, histamine and prostaglandins(normally inactivated by the liver)==>however with liver metastits they escape inactivation and cause symptoms

Midgut tumor with tons of diarrhea spread to liver