comparative real

1. The word Governments originates from the Greek word kybernan. What was its original meaning?

To steer or pilot a ship

2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of Comparative Politics? The study of finding similarities and differences in domestic politics across countries

3. One of the primary purposes of learning Comparative Politics is to:

Learn what works and what doesn’t work abroad to apply concepts at home

4. What is the reasoning process that starts with studying specific cases and then generates a hypothesis based on those cases?

Inductive reasoning

5. Which method starts with a general hypothesis and then seeks out evidence (cases) to test that hypothesis?

Deductive reasoning

6. When an apparent relationship between two variables is found, What is it called?

Correlation

7. Which statement about correlation and causation is correct?

Causation does not require correlation.

8. If higher levels of democracy tend to coincide with higher levels of GDP per capita, what type of correlation is this?

Positive correlation

9. Which research method focuses on deep investigation of a limited number of cases, often involving history, language, and culture?

Quantitative method

10. Which of the following is a characteristic of the “Quantitative method”?

Using statistical data to analyze a large number of cases

11. What concept suggests that individuals weigh costs and benefits to make choices that maximize their own interests?

Rational choice

12. Which approach uses rational choice assumptions to analyze strategic interactions where actors & decisions depend on others?

Game theory

13. In the classification of countries, which group includes nations like Great Britain?

Advanced democracies

14. Which category describes countries like Russia and China that limit personal freedoms and have communist roots?

Communist and post-communist countries

15. What challenge arises when a researcher chooses only cases that support their own Hypothesis?

Selection bias

16. What do we call the problem where we aren’t sure which variable is the cause and which is the effect?

Endogeneity

17. In which category is Nigeria primarily placed in the study of comparative politics?

Less-developed or emerging country

18. Which of the following is NOT a type of data typically used by qualitative researchers?

Statistical figures and mathematical data

19. Which is the best example of limited access to information in comparative research?

Researching internal decision-making in North Korea

20. When comparing North and South Korea, what would a “qualitative researcher” likely focus on?

In-depth interviews with defectors to understand internal power structures

21. According to Max Weber, which of the following is the defining characteristic of a State?

An organization that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence within a territory.

22. What is the term for a state's ability to carry out actions or policies independently of external threats or internal rivals?

Sovereignty

23. Which of the following is the correct order of political entities from the HIGHEST to the LOWEST level of institutionalization?

State & Regime

24. A change in the fundamental rules and norms of politics (e.g., from an authoritarian system to a democracy) is called a change in:

Regime

25. Which concept describes the value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper?

Legitimacy

26. Queen Elizabeth II’s authority, based on centuries of habit and historical continuity, is an example of:

Traditional legitimacy

27. In modern democracies, leaders derive their authority from neutral, institutionalized rules and procedures. This is known as:

Rational-legal legitimacy

28. Which system of government constitutionally divides power between a central government and regional bodies?

Federalism

29. The process by which a central government in a unitary state (like the UK) grants more power to regional bodies is called:

Devolution

30. Capacity in political science refers to a state’s ability to:

Act independently of public opinion.

31. A state that is highly effective at implementing policies but must respond to the demands of its citizens (e.g., USA, UK) has:

High Capacity, Low Autonomy

32. When a state’s central authority effectively collapses and it can no longer provide basic security, it is called a:

Illiberal state

33. How does Social Democracy differ from Liberal Democracy?

It prioritizes collective welfare and equality over absolute individual liberty.

34. An authoritarian regime that brings potential opponents into the system by offering them benefits or positions is using:

Co-optation

35. A regime where religious doctrine is the ultimate source of law and religious leaders hold political power is a:

Theocracy

36. Which term describes a regime that has democratic features (like elections) but lacks real civil liberties and fair competition?

Illiberal (or Hybrid) Democracy

37. What major event occurred in Iran in 1979?

The Islamic Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini.

38. The Morality Police(Guidance Patrol) in Iran is primarily responsible for enforcing:

Public moral codes, including the wearing of the hijab.

39. The 2022 nationwide protests in Iran were sparked by the death of:

Mahsa Amini

40. The graphic novel and film Persepolis illustrates life during and after the Iranian Revolution from the perspective of:

A young girl named Marjane