bio- enzymes and digestion, y9

tissue

a group of cells with a similar structure working together to preform a specific function

organ system

a group of organs working together to preform a specific function.

organ

a collection (aggregation) of tissues working together to perform a specific function

cell

basic building block of all living organisms

organism

a living thing made of one or more cells capable of performing the 7 life processes

what are the 7 life processess

movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

what is the function of enzymes

to speed up reactions in living things

substrate molecule

a complementary shape to the active site and is broken down to form products

what do amylase enzymes break down

carbohydrates

what do protease enzymes break down

proteins

what do lipase enzymes break down

fats

mouth/tongue

food enters here and mechanical digestion occurs

salivary glands

produces saliva, containing amylase enzyme

oesophagus

this connects the mouth to stomach

stomach

here some food is churned by the muscular walls and digestion of protein occurs

pancreas

produces all 3 digestive enzymes

liver

produces bile

gallbladder

stores bile

small intestine

digestion of food continues and absorption of the small soluble food molecules into the blood occurs

large intestine

water is absorbed from the undigested food back into the blood, causing the undigested food to solidify and produce poo

anus

poo exits the body here

activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

active site

a specific, specialised region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

amylase enzyme

a digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas which breaks down carbs into simple sugars

bile

an alkaline fluid which aids digestion - made in liver. stored in the gallbladder

denatured

when the active site changes shape due to factors such as temperature, and chemical processes can no longer occur

emulsification

the breakdown of large fat globules into tiny droplet in the small intestine, increasing the surface area for enzyme action

enzyme

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reaction in living organisms. they don’t get consumed in the process

lipase enzyme

a type of enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

metabolism

the sum of all chemical reaction occurring within a living organism to maintain life converting nutrients into energy and building material

optimum

the most favourable conditions under which an organism, enzyme or biological process functions most efficiently

protease enzyme

a type of enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

substrate

the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts to facilitate a chemical reaction