Down Syndrome

genetic, trisomy 21, common

down syndrome is _____ condition = _____, most _____ chromosomal condition (1 in 700)

prenatal, blood test, ultrasound

_____ screening is common via _____ and _____

hypotonia, small, folds, nasal bridge, upward, spots, ears, mouth, skin, palmar crease, fifth finger, clinodactyly, wide, toes

physical features of down syndrome include _____, _____ head, epicanthal _____, flat _____, _____ slanting palpebral fissure, brushfield _____, small _____/_____, excessive _____ at nape of neck, single transverse _____, short _____ with _____ and _____ spacing, deep plantar groove between first and second _____

neurological, cognitive, mild, moderate, behavioral, emotional, psychiatric, delayed, cognitive, language, receptive, expressive

medical comorbidities include _____ conditions (seizures, structural abnormalities), _____ disability (typically _____/_____), _____/_____/_____ (autism = dual diagnosis, ADHD, _____ diagnosis due to _____ involvement), and _____ development (_____ typically has improved function over _____)

gross motor, cognitive

correlation between _____ delay and _____ disability

hypotonia, laxity, hypermobility, cardiovascular, pulmonary, heart

musculoskeletal comorbidities include _____, ligamentous _____, joint _____, and JIA (displacement can lead to SCI), _____/_____ comorbidities include _____ defects, tracheomalacia/laryngomalacia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and sleep apnea

GI, endocrine, sensory, obesity, leukemia, pain, identify, impairment

other medical comorbidities include _____ (poor weight gain/vomiting/constipation, GERD), _____ (hypothyroidism, diabetes), _____ (hearing, otitis media, vision), _____, _____, and _____ (difficult to _____ = risk of _____)

surgical, thyroid, cardiac

medical management may include _____ intervention, _____ medication (thyroxine), and _____ medication (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, digoxin)

fatigue, motivation

therapist should NOT attribute _____ solely to lack of _____ of child with down syndrome

all, gross motor, quality, efficient, uncoordinated

high likelihood of development of _____ typical _____ skills, atypical _____ of movement and less _____ (= _____)

floor, standing, walking, walking, running, jumping

up to 18 months working on _____ mobility, 18-36 months working on _____ and _____, 3-6 years working on _____/_____/_____

hypotonia, postural control, cocontraction, balance, proprioception, strength, force, skeletal alignment

BSF impairments include _____ = reduced resistance to passive rapid movement (mild/moderate/severe), decreased _____ causing _____, poor _____, and decreased _____, decreased _____ and _____ production, and altered _____ (hypokyphosis, hyperlordosis, instability, arthritis, genu valgum, pes planus, hallux valgus)

delayed, qualitative, compensatory strategies, physical activity

activity limitations include _____ motor skill development with _____ movement differences and use of _____, _____ is decreased

IQ, family, recreational, stimulating

significant correlation between _____ and participation, more involvement with _____ activities than community based, limited _____ activities that are physically and mentally _____

adaptive, social, resist, independence

demonstrate _____ behavior, _____ skills > conceptual/practical, _____ to engage in difficult tasks and misuse social skills, early emphasis may result in more _____ later in life

inclusive, goals, preferences, role, medical

history should be _____ conversation, include child/family _____, child _____, child _____ in family, and _____ background

vital, vision, hearing, sensory, restrictions, reflux

systems review include _____ signs, _____ and _____, _____ preferences, activity _____/precautions, and _____ in babies

play, observation, standardized, tone, strength, movement, functional, alignment, pattern

tests and measures include _____, _____, _____ assessment, _____ and _____, _____ analysis, _____ mobility, _____ with movement _____

growth charts

demographic specific _____

collaboration, buy in, participation, preferences, BSF, function, GMFM

_____ with child and family is key for _____, long term goals should focus on _____ and activity _____ while short term goals focus on _____ and _____ based, prognostic insight through _____

coaching, parental, tummy, sensorimotor, orthotics, treadmill

early intervention uses _____ model with _____ involvement, incorporate _____ time, _____ therapy, _____, and _____ training

task specific, repetitions, feedback, slow, functional

motor learning considerations include _____ practice with many _____, provide visual _____ with _____ movements, focus on _____ NOT normal movement

strength, functional, posture, balance, whole body vibration, orthotics, aerobic

leg _____ = increased _____ performance, address _____ through _____ training, and use _____ as adjunct for strength, balance, and bone density, use _____ (AFOs, SMOs, FOs, garments), address cardiopulmonary through _____ training and chest therapy

preferences, barriers, strengths

physical activity should identify _____, minimize _____, and follow _____ based approach, activities may include jumping, biking, dancing, hippotherapy

show parents, natural opportunities, play, routines

_____ how to do activity rather than only providing hands on therapy, facilitate _____ for motor development through _____ based and preexisting family _____

postsecondary education, community, work, access, accommodations

transition to adulthood includes _____ support, _____ experiences, paid _____ experiences, _____ and _____

services, environmental, isolation, cognitive, behavioral, early discharge, underemployment, decisions, guardianship

social determinants of health include limited provision of _____ in school aged children, _____ barriers (therapy in _____), lack competence in _____/_____ tasks NOT physical = _____, _____ in adulthood, decreased participation in healthcare _____, and _____