Lecture 5 - Citizenship and Immagration

What is citizenship according to T.H. Marshall?

A “claim to be accepted as full members of society,” encompassing rights, participation, and belonging.

What are the four dimensions of citizenship?

Legal status, rights, participation, and belonging.

What defines ethnic citizenship?

Membership based on ancestry or descent (jus sanguinis), often excluding immigrants.

Example: Pre-2000 Germany.

What defines civic citizenship?

Membership based on shared political values and participation (jus soli).

Example: Canada, the U.S., France.

Can states combine ethnic and civic elements?

Yes — most nations blend both, showing inclusion and exclusion can coexist.

How does Bloemraad et al define assimilation?

The expectation that immigrants abandon their cultures and adopt the dominant one.

What is multiculturalism?

A model of citizenship that values and protects multiple cultural identities within one nation.

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, who are key defenders of multiculturalism?

Will Kymlicka and Charles Taylor — they argue recognition of diversity strengthens equality and belonging.

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, what are main criticisms of multiculturalism?

Critics (like Brian Barry, Susan Okin) say it fragments society, reinforces inequality, and reifies cultural differences.

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, what evidence supports multiculturalism’s effectiveness?

Countries with strong multicultural policies show higher immigrant naturalization rates and social spending

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, what is postnational citizenship?

The idea that rights derive from personhood and human rights rather than the nation-state.

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, what is transnational citizenship?

Multiple memberships across countries (dual citizenship, diasporic identities, cross-border participation).

According to Prof. Jung, why is multiculturalism a “liberal solution”

It respects cultural differences while promoting equality and national cohesion.

What critique does Bloemraad et al. make of postnationalism?

Despite globalization, states still control access to rights and belonging; citizenship remains state-centered.

What did T.H. Marshall argue about rights and equality

Social rights ensure substantive equality and solidarity, making democracy functional.

According to the article by Bloemraad et al, what is a major critique of Marshall’s framework

It overlooks inequalities based on race, gender, and immigration status.

According to Prof. Jung, what did Eick & Busemeyer (2023) find about migration and welfare support?

Public support for welfare decreases in areas with higher migrant populations, showing weakened solidarity.

What does the Canada–China detainee case show about citizenship?

Citizenship ensures state protection abroad and demonstrates its diplomatic power.

What does China’s slogan “Ethnic unity powering social progress” illustrate?

Assimilationist citizenship used to enforce unity and suppress diversity.

What does the U.S. “negative net migration” claim (2025) represent?

Ongoing political tension over immigration and national identity.