Biol 1703 exam 1

A major research study is published in a peer-reviewed journal that demonstrates an increased incidence of cancer in people who live in cities close to overhead electrical wires, compared to people who live farther away from these power lines. The results are statistically significant and are widely disseminated in articles by respected media outlets. The news spreads fear around the world that very low-level electromagnetic fields, to which we are all commonly exposed, are dangerous to human health. Which of the following statements would be a valid conclusion based on the science

the findings of increased cancer rates will not be sufficient to prompt cities to move electric power lines until independent scientists can conduct studeies that eliminate other possible reasons for the increased cancer incidence found in one study.

To differentiate between misinformation and legitimate science you should ask three questions: Is the provider of information credible? Does the provider of the information have the expertise to vouch for the claim? And

Is there a consensus among relevant scientific experts?

After 12 years of painstaking work, researchers managed to grow an Asgard archaeon species in a laboratory bioreactor. Which of the following characteristics of this organism is most relevant to our understanding of the evolution of eukaryotes?

a. cellular protrusions extending from the cell body, intertwined with two other prokaryotic species

Which of the following elements is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

nucleosomes

Antiobiotics tend to target feautures that are unique to bacterial cells and absent form eukaryotic cells such as out ow. Which of the following would present a dafe target for a new antibiotic?

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following is considered key evidence in support of the endosymbiosis theory of organgenesis?

D. all of the above

A scientist wants to examine a structure inside of a eukaryotic cell that is hypothesized to influence the organization of DNA, but is unable to fluorescently labeled. Which microscope will be most useful?

Transmission electron microsope

Which organelle is the mystery organelle in the diagram below? WHat kind of cell is it?

Nucleus; eukaryote

Which bactera are photosynthetic?

Cyanobacteria/ blue-green algae

As you look at a series of cells under a light microscope, you notics that they are connected with cell walls and contain chloroplasts and large vacuoles. Becasue you have studied diligently in you celllulat and molecular biology class you are able to determine you are looking at

Plant cells

An ionic bond between two atoms is formed as a result of the

Transfer from one atom to the other

The complex macromolecules of the cell are built from simpler molecular monomer subunits that are linked together through what type of chemical reaction?

condensation

Which of the following monomer building blocks is necessary to assemble phospholipids around and inside cells

fatty acids

What type of bond is indicated by the arrow in the diagram below?

Phosphodiester

Which bond .interaction is weakest on its own but strong through an additive of many interactions?

Van der Waals

Which is necessary for hydrolysis to occur?

H2O

WHich monomer is used to construct protein?

Amino acids

A nucleoside is different from a nucleotide in that a nucleoside has

no phosphate group

Glucose and ribose are both

sugars

NADH is used for while NADPH is used for _

Catabolic processes; anabolic processes

When there is an excess of nutrients available in the human body, insulin is released to stimulate the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. This is a specific example of a/an ___ process, a general process in which larger molecules are made from smaller molecules

Anabolic

The 2nd Law of thermodynamics dictates that disorder in a system is always

increasing

ΔG° indicates the change in the standard free energy as a reactants is converted to product. Given what you know about these values, which reaction below is teh most favorable?

Glucose » CO2 +H2O ΔG°=-686 kcal/mol

Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions by:

lowering the activation energy of the reaction

What is the role of ATP in the cell

All of the above

Oxidation is ____ while reduction is ____.

Loss of electrons; gain of electrons

---

______store and transfer energy in a form that cells can use

Activated carriers

_____ and _____ are complementary processes that result in organisms obtaining useful chemical-bond energy they need to survive

Photosynthesis; cellular respirations

Catabolic pathways result in lost _____, consistent with the 2nd law of thermodynamics

Heat

Two or Three helices can sometimes wrap around each other to form_____. The stable wrapping of one helix around another is typically driven by___.

coiled-coils; hydrophilic interactions

____ generally carry extracellular signals from cell to cell.

Signal Proteins

Which of the following statements about allosteric regulators is FALSE?

Allosteric regulators block the active sites of enzymes.

Molecular chaperones can work by creating an isolation chamber What is the purpose of this chamber?

This chamber serves to protect unfolded proteins from interacting with other protein in the cytosol, until protein folding is completed.