AQA A-Level history French Revolution: The Terror

21 January 1793

Louis XVI executed

387, 288

___ voted for the death penalty whereas ___ voted for imprisonment of Louis

Girondins and Montagnards

The Jacobin by 1792 was split between the

November 1792

Armoire de Fer found in the Tulieries in correspondence with the Austrians

September 1792

The legislative assembly become the National Convention

6 April 1793

The Committee of Public Safety (CPS) set up

supervise activities of government officials, pass decrees related to internal and external defence, report weekly to the convention

three main functions of the CPS

9

how many people in the CPS

Levee en Masse, 23 August 1793

Mass conscription ordered by the CPS

84, 352

Between 1793-4 __ generals were guillotined and ___ were dismissed

12

How many deputies in the Committee of General Security (CGS)?

oversee state security, prosecute foreign agents and counterrevolutionaries, report regularly to the Convention

three main functions of the CGS

20,000

By March 1793, where were over _______ rebels in the Vendee

8,700

By the end of 1793, _____ rebels had been executed in the Vendee

200,000

By the end of the Revolt in the Vendee as many as _______ people had died

promoted the war, price rises, fall in assignat value

three reasons why the Girondins fell from power

2 June 1793, 29

Date of the journee in which Robespierre demanded the arrest of __ Girondins

Summer 1793

Date of the Federalist Revolt

Avignon, Bordeaux, Caen

Three cities involved in the Federalist revolt

October 1793

the Convention defeated the Federalist rebels

113, 6, Couthon

After the federalist revolt in Lyons ___ rebels were executed in _ weeks by _______

Herbois and Fouche, 1,673

Couthon was replaced by _______ ___ ______ who killed _____

grapeshot

In December 1793, federalist prisoners were executed via _________

October 1793

Austrians were driven out of France

December 1793

British Fleet driven out of France

26 June 1794

French Victory at the Battle of Fleurus

800,000, 1794

under the levee en masse and army of _______ was created by ____

enrages

These were even more extreme than the sans-culottes . They were leftist, extremists in Paris and the provinces who declared that parliamentary methods were useless. Included women. Worked thro-out the whole country. Formed revolutionary armies scouring countryside for food, denouncing suspects and preaching revolution.

Law of Suspects 17 September 1793

A law passed in which anyone who didn't have a civisme from their local watch committee was denounced as a counterrevolutionary

70, 170

Between March and September 1793, __ people in Paris were executed, Octobr-December it had risen to ___

dechristianisation

Ruthless anti-religious policies conducted by some Jacobin supporters against the Church, aimed at destroying its influence.

31 October 1793

Execution of Girondins

Indulgents and the Herbertists

2 factions: one wanted to end the Terror and the other wanted to continue it

February 1794

Herbertists guillotined

April 1794

Indulgents guillotined

plotting to overthrow the government

why were the Herbertists guillotined

Danton's popularity

why were the Indulgents guillotined

The Great Terror 10 June - 27 July 1794

Part of the terror where the most people were killed and it was at its most oppressive

The Law of Prairial 10 June 1794

Law that changed the justice system leading to many deaths

almost anyone could be arrested for a political crime, defence witnesses did not have to be heard, only verdicts were death or acquittal

three part of the Law of Prairial 10 June 1794

cult of supreme being, quarrelled with everyone, loss of sans culottes support

Three reasons why Robespierre fell

Paris, provinces

The Montagnards had a strong base in ____ whereas the Girondins had a strong base in the ________

22 September 1792

France is declared a republic

Battle of Jemappes 6 November 1792

French victory which allowed them to occupy the Austrian Netherlands

16 November 1792

Decree issued announcing that republican liberty should be established across Europe

693 to 0

How many people voted for and aginst whether Louis was guilty of being a counter revolutionary in Jan 1792

27 December 1792

Girondins proposed an appeal to the people to decide the fate of the King but it was scrapped

4 December 1792

Robespierre gives a passionate speech for the death of the King

1792-7

When was the first War of the First Coalition?

February 1793

France declares war on Britain, Holland, and Spain; revolts take place in some provinces

April 1793

Dumouriez defects to the Austrians

March 1793, December 1792

Austrian counteroffensive begins and France leaves Aachen which was occupied in _________________

March 1793, July

Republic of Mainz declared but collapses in ____

March 1793, Angers, 300,000

The Chouan/Vendee uprising started in _____ ____ in ______ where there was a conscription of _______ soldiers

May 1793, 30,000

In ___ ____ the Convention had to send in _______ troops to the Vendee to crush the rebellion but this was unsuccessful

1 August 1793, 100,000

Date of the decree that ordered the destruction of the Vendee with _______ soldiers

March 1793

82 representants-en-mission would travel across France in pairs ensuring effective functioning of the Republic, Revolutionary Tribunal and watch committees set up

19 March 1793

New law decreed that anyone carrying arms could be executed within 24 hours

3 May 1793, 8,000

Date and number of Sans Culottes demanding price controls on bread from outside the Convention

2 June 1793, 80-100,000

Date in which crowd gathered to press for the arrest of the Girondins and number who attended

60, 8

__ out of the 83 departments protested against the expulsion of the Girondins and there was serious conflict in _

December 1793

Napoleon drove British forces out of the French port of Toulon

young men made soldiers, women made tents, married men made weapons and transport supplies

what young men, women and married men did under the levee en masse

roturier

name of someone who was not of noble birth (for general)

1 million, 14

By 1794, France had _ ______ men at arms and __ armies

Battle of Hondschoote, siege of Dunkirk is lifted, defeat by Spanish at the Battle of Trouillas

War progress in September 1793 (3)

Lyon surrenders to republicans, vendeean rebels defeated at Cholet, Marseilles is recaptured by republican troops

War progress in October 1793 (3)

Vendeean troops are defeated at Le Mans and Savenay, French victory against Austrians at Worth

War progress in December 1793 (2)

4 May 1793

Date of First General Maximum (not effective)

29 September 1793

Date of Second Law of General Maximum

1790, 33%

The Second Law of General Maximum set prices of basic commodities to what they had been in ____ + ____

13 July 1793, Marat

Date in which popular radical M_____ was murdered by Charlotte Corday the Girondin

250, 500,000

March-September 1793 the revolutionary tribunal had heard ___ cases, October-December 1793 there had been ________

9%, 7%

Only __ of those executed in the Terror were nobles (__ clergy)

16 October 1793

Marie Antoinette guillotined

40,000

revolutionary armies of around ________ roamed the countryside and to clamp down on counterrevolutionaries

noyades

One of the methods used by Carrier against rebels in the Vendée for their part in the uprising of 1793. Priests and rebel leaders were tied to holed boats and drowned in the River Loire.

2,000

number of people who died in noyades (November-January 1793-4)

8,000

number of vendee rebels guillotined (November-January 1793-4)

2,000

number of people execute din Lyons by 1794

October 1793

Paris Commune made dechristianisation its official policy

November 1793

Enthronement of the Goddess of Reason in Notre Dame Cathedral

Fouche and Herbert

Two main figures who wanted a secular society

20,000

number of priests forced to give up their positions during the dechristianisation of 1793-4

Law of 14 Frimaire II (4 December 1793)

law that gave CPS full executive powers

CPS had full executive powers, revolutionary armies disbanded, popular societies and patriotic committees closed down

3 parts of the Law of 14 Frimaire ii (4 December 1793)

Robespierre, St-Just, Couthon

Three people in the Triumvirate

7 May 1794

Date of the creation of the Cult of Supreme Being

well

April-July 1794, the war for the French was going well/badly

35%, 25%, 40%

In the Great Terror, ___ of those who were executed were nobles, ___ were clergy and ___ were bourgeoisie

26 July 1794

Robespierre gives a speech for more purges against enemies of "public liberty" but does not say who

27 July 1794

Coup of Thermidor

28 July 1794

Robespierre and Saint-Just are executed

87

__ out of 95 commune members lost their lives after the Coup of Thermidor 27 July 1794

55,000

Number of people killed in the Terror by the State