APUSH American Pageant Ch. 33 Comprehensive Review by Jack_Dugoni3, edited by Ashton Wong

What 1933 international meeting attempted to solve the worldwide depression?

How many countries attended?

According to the book, what is essential to the revival of world trade?

London Economic Conference

66

exchange-rate stabilization

What was the name of FDR's Secretary of State who he considered as one of the delegates to send to the LEC?

Cordell Hull

What act promised freedom to the Philippines in 1946 after a 12-year period of lightened supervision?

Which previous president's ideals would this go against?

Tydings-McDuffie Act

President McKinley

In what year did FDR formally recognize the 16-year-old Bolshevik regime/Soviet Union/Kremlin?

1933

What policy did FDR declare that he would dedicate the nation to in his inaugural address?

"the policy of Good Neighbor"

At what multinational conference did the U.S. formally endorse nonintervention?

Where was it held?

Seventh Pan-American Conference

Montevideo, Uruguay

When did the last marines depart Haiti?

Which country did the U.S. relax its grip on in 1936?

1934

Panama

What Cuban leader was in power when Cuba was freed from the "worst hobbles" of the Platt Amendment?

What Cuban naval base did the U.S. retain?

Fulgencio Batista

Guantánamo

At what conference was FDR deemed a "traveling salesman for peace"? Where was it held?

Inter-American Conference

Buenos Aires, Argentina

What nickname for America was rendered obsolete by being less of a vulture and more an eagle, through FDR's Good Neighbor policy?

"The Colossus of the North"

Who was the chief architect of the reciprocal trade policies of the New Deal, fostering Good Neighborism?

Secretary of State John Hull

What Good Neighbor act amended the Hawley-Smoot Tariff by providing a lower tariff and aimed at relief and recovery?

How much could Roosevelt lower the rates by?

How many trade pacts were made with foreign countries through this act by 1939?

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934)

50%

21

Who were the totalitarian leaders of Russia, Italy, and Germany, respectively, in the 1930's?

Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler

Where would Stalin banish millions to forced-labor camps?

Siberia

According to the book, what did liberal use did Hitler take advantage of to gain power in Germany?

The "big lie"

Where was Hitler from?

What was his former occupation?

Austria

Painter

What did the depressed German people fallen in behind as they saw no other hope of escape from, for they saw no other hope of escape from economic chaos?

Pied Piper

What was name of the alliance between Italy and Germany formed in 1936?

Rome-Berlin Axis

What 12-year-old treaty was terminated by the Japanese in 1934?

Washington Naval Treaty

What pact joined Japan with Germany and Italy in 1940 after it quit the League of Nation in 1935?

Tripartite Pact

What country was attacked by Italy in 1935?

What resource could have been embargoed by the League of Nations to stop Mussolini?

Ethiopia

Oil

What act prevented debt-dodging nations from further borrowing in the U.S.?

If attacked by again by aggressors, what did the book claim those delinquents could do?

Johnson Debt Default Act (1934)

"stew in their own juices"

Who did a group of Princeton students begin to advocate a bonus for in 1936?

Veterans of Future Wars (VFW)

What did critics refer to munition manufacturers as?

What was munition manufacturing critically called?

What was it also referred to as since the manufacturers would be making profit?

Who would head the senate committee appointed in 1934 to investigate munition manufacturing?

"merchants of death"

"blood business"

"one hell of a business"

Senator Gerald Nye (North Dakota)

What set of acts provided for certain restrictions upon the presidential declaration of war?

What traditional policy would this cause the acts cause the U.S. to abandon in effect?

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

Freedom of the Seas

Who headed the Spanish rebels, aided by Hitler and Mussolini, in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939?

What was the name of the volunteers, which included 3,000 men and women, that traveled to Spain to fight against him?

General Francisco Franco

The Abraham Lincoln Brigade

What was the name of one member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade who said that he went to Spain to "save [the] people in America"?

Canute Frankson

What was President Roosevelt branded as when he repeatedly called for preparedness of war before 1938?

warmonger

At what Chinese bridge did the Japanese set off the explosion that led to an all-out invasion of China?

Where in China was this bridge located?

Marco Polo Bridge

Near Beijing (aka Peking)

What was the unofficial isolationist capital of America?

What speech did FDR give there, proposing economic embargoes on aggressors?

Chicago

Quarantine Speech

What American gunboat was sunk by Japanese aviators in Chinese waters? How many died?

How many were wounded?

The Panay

2

30

In what two ways did Hitler openly flout the Treaty of Versailles?

1. introducing compulsory military service

2. marching into the demilitarized Rhineland

What country was bloodlessly occupied by Hitler in March of 1938?

What stretch of land did he demand next?

Which country did this land belong to?

Austria

Sudetenland

Czechoslovakia

Where was the conference that France and Britain betrayed Czechoslovakia and granted the Sudetenland to Germany held?

What did they hope this would do?

Munich, Germany

bring "peace in our time"

What concept was symbolized by the ugly word "Munich"?

Appeasement of the dictators

What was a nickname for Stalin given in the book?

"the sphinx of the Kremlin"

What pact/treaty allied Germany with Russia?

When was this signed?

Hitler-Stalin Pact (aka Nazi-Soviet Pact)

August 23, 1939

What country was taken over by Germany and Russia in 1939 to fully launch WWII?

What was the date?

Poland

September 1, 1939

What act allowed British and French purchasing of war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"?

Which previous act did not allow the British and French to purchase war materials from America?

The Neutrality Act of 1939

Neutrality Act of 1937

What ultimately ended the unemployment crisis of the Great Depression?

Overseas demand for war goods

What were the months after the fall of Poland known as?

What country did the Soviets' invade to gain a buffer territory and relieve inaction during this period?

How much money did Congress grant this country for NONMILITARY supplies?

What countries did Hitler invade in April of 1940 to abruptly end this period?

What countries did he have to invade the next month to advance to France?

"the phony war"

Finland

$30 million

Denmark and Norway

Netherlands and Belgium

What U.S. ambassador called FDR at 3 am to inform him of the German invasion of Poland?

William Bullitt

At what French port did the British evacuate most of their army?

What prime minister emerged through the developing British crisis?

Dunkirk

Winston Churchill

What did stouthearted Britons sing after the fall of France?

"There'll Always Be an England"

How much money did Congress estimate the sum would be to prepare for the war, including FDR's call for huge air fleets and two-ocean navy?

How many times larger was this than any New Deal annual budget?

$37 billion

5 times

What law, approved on Sep 6, 1940, started America's first ever peacetime draft?

How many troops were to be trained?

How many reserves?

Conscription Law

1.2 million

800,000

At what conference did the United States agree to uphold the Monroe Doctrine alongside its twenty New World neighbors?

The Havana Conference of 1940

What was the night on November 9, 1938, where Nazis ransacked Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues known as?

How many Jews died?

Kristallnacht

91

What Nazi propagandist instigated Kristallnacht through a speech?

What does Kristallnacht translate to?

Joseph Goebbels

"Night of broken glass"

What ship attempted to transport Jewish refugees from Hamburg to Havana? How many passengers were on the ship?

Where would the Jewish refugees end up and perish?

The "St. Louis"

937

England, France, Belgium, Netherlands

What organization, created by Roosevelt, saved thousands of Hungarian Jews from deportation to death camps?

Which was the most notorious death camp that they were sent to?

How many Jews died during the Holocaust?

How many Jews found refuge in the U.S.?

The War Refugee Board

Auschwitz

6 million

150,000

What was Hitler's series of air attacks against England in August of 1940 known as?

When was his invasion scheduled for that this attack was meant to be preparatory for?

What is Britain's air force called in which it would postpone his planned invasion indefinitely because of their defense?

How did sympathy for Britain grow in America during this time?

The Battle of Britain

September 1940

Royal Air Force

Radio Broadcasts from London

What was the defensive posture that Roosevelt considered bringing the United States into when Britain was suffering from German attacks?

"Fortress America"

What was America's most potent propaganda group advocating to aid Britain?

What was the slogan for interventionists part of this group?

What was the slogan for isolationists part of this group?

The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

"Britain is Fighting Our Fight"

"All Methods Short of War"

What American isolationist group strongly opposed aiding Britain?

What did it proclaim?

Who was their most effective speechmaker?

What is its basic philosophy?

The America First Committee

"England Will Fight to the Last American"

Charles A. Lindbergh

"The Yanks Are Not Coming"

What weaponry from WW1 did FDR agree to transfer to Britain on September 2, 1940?

What did Britain agree to give in return?

How long would America keep said gift from Britain?

What were majority of Americans determined to provide Britain?

fifty old model four funnel-destroyers

8 valuable defensive base sites from Newfoundland to South America

99 years

"all aid short of war"

Who were the two leading Republican aspirants for the 1940 election?

Who became the Republican candidate?

Robert A. Taft (Ohio) and Thomas E. Dewey (New York)

Wendell L. Willkie (Indiana)

What did Democratic critics brand Willkie?

What was the war cry for the Democrats?

What was FDR's nickname?

"The rich man's Roosevelt" and "the simple barefoot Wall Street lawyer"

"Better a Third Term Than a Third-Rater"

"the Champ"

What did Willkie's supporters cry?

"Win with Willkie," "No Fourth Term Either," "There's No Indispensable Man", "We Want Wilkie"

What statement made in Boston by FDR would later come back to plague him?

"Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars"

What did Roosevelt want to eliminate in order to prevent war debts?

"The silly, foolish, old dollar sign"

Who was reputed to have the finest mind in Washington and compared lending arms to lending chewing gum?

Robert A. Taft

What act was entitled "An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States?"

What was it numbered?

What was the underlying concept of the act?

What was it assailed as by opponents?

The Lend-Lease Bill

1776

"Send guns, not sons" and "Billions, not bodies"

"The blank-check bill"

What would America become through the Lend-Lease Bill, according to Roosevelt?

How much money worth of arms was sent to those nations fighting aggressors under the bill?

The "arsenal of democracy"

$50 billion

Who compared the Lend-Lease Bill to "The new Triple-A [Agricultural Adjustment Act] bill"

Burton Wheeler

What female group was an outspoken opponent of the Lend-Lease Bill?

The "Mother's Crusade"

What was the first American ship to be sunk by German forces on May 21, 1941?

The "Robin Moor"

What two globe-shaking events marked the course of WWII before Pearl Harbor?

1. Fall of France

2. German invasion of the Soviet Union one year later

What did Hitler derogatorily call Soviet citizens?

"Mongol half-wits"

How much money would the U.S. use under the Lend-Lease act to give assistance to the Soviet Union in WW2?

$11 billion

What conference marked the first in a series of meetings between Churchill and Roosevelt?

Where was it held?

The Atlantic Conference

Warship off coast of Newfoundland

What agreement laid the groundwork for later advocacy on behalf of universal human rights?

How many points did the agreement make?

What nations would support and endorse the agreement?

What was the charter pending?

The Atlantic Charter

Eight

U.S., Britain, Soviet Union

"permanent system of general security"

What risky decision did FDR make involving lend-lease shipments to Britain?

To convoy British ships

A German attack on what U.S. destroyer led Roosevelt to declare a shoot-on-sight policy? (they had trash aim so they missed the ship)

Other than said ship, which ship would engage in battle with U-Boats on October 17?

How many would die in the battle?

What ship would sink two weeks later after being torpedoed and sunk off southwestern Iceland, losing more than 100 officers and enlisted men?

The "Greer"

"Kearny"

11

"Reuben James"

What was the actual date of Peal Harbor?

What was the morning of the Pearl Harbor bombing known as?

What did Roosevelt describe it as?

December 7, 1941

"Black Sunday"

"A date which will live in infamy"

Where did Americans expect the Japanese attack to occur?

British Malaya or the Philippines

What day did United States declare war on the Axis alliance?

December 11, 1941

What was one of the first ships hit during the Pearl Harbor attack?

How many sailors would it take down with it?

The "West Virginia"

70

What did the isolationist Senator Wheeler say the only thing left to do after Pearl Harbor was?

"To lick hell out of them"