consultation and confrontation

under the Yeravda (poona) pact, what happened for the untouchables

• allocated 18% of Central Assembly seats as long as they stood for election by the votes of the general electorate
  - specific sum of money set aside by every provincial assembly for their education
  - no one would be untouchable by reason of birth, same rights as other Hindus to use public wells, schools etc.

when was the yeravda pact

Aug 1932

when and what was the 2nd Round Table Conference

December 1931
No agreement on a workable constitution, too many disagreements between Hindus and Muslims and whether the untouchables should be their own separate electorate

which newspaper supported the IDL

Daily Mail

IDL and their view

• group of conservatives (ex-generals/civil servants)
  - that Indian's were unfit to govern themselves
  - that India was essential to British economy

how many MPs opposed Government of India Bill?

fewer than 50

what happened to Congress in 1938?

Bose elected as president

which provinces did Congress loose in the 1937 elections?

Bengal, Punjab and Sind

legislation carried out by new ministries in 1937?

• reform to protect tenants, relieve peasant poverty, control the activities of money lenders
  - congress - led provinces; basic education centered on crafts given main priority

where Congress was in power, the party was absorbed in the problems of provincial government meaning there was less campaigning for independence

how did Jinnah capitalise on alienation of muslims

• persuaded smaller muslim organisations to merge with muslim league
  - promoted social use of high class language of urdu
  - began to openly campaign on a separate muslim basis
  - independent muslim controlled area or even separate states e.g. Pakistan 

election results for Bose

he won 1,580 to 1,375
12 members of Ghandi's faction resigned immediately

when is day of deliverance

22nd December 1939

what did the Lahore Resolution propose?

• muslim majority areas should be grouped to form separate independent states
  - minorities protected

a working party would be set up to frame a constitution based on these two principles

when did bose go into exile?

january 1941

spring 1944 events

6,000 INA soldiers tried to invade india with japanese troops

when and what was the first round table conference

november 1930 - january 1931
india would be run as a dominion

when was the 1st round table conference?

november 1930 - January 1931

what 3 decisions were made

• India would be run as a dominion

• Indian representation in all aspects of government

• f

name one architect that designed New Delhi

Edwin Lutyens

why did Gandhi attend the 2nd RTC and not the first

he was in jail during the 1st one and he got out because of the Gandhi - Irwin pact which released political prisoners

name 2 others that attended the conference

Jinnah and Dr Ambedkar

when did the 3rd RTC happen

Nov - Dec 1932

who did viceroy Willingdon replace as viceroy

Irwin

what 4 steps did Willingdon take when Gandhi returned from Britain in 1932

• arrest Gandhi

• 80,000 Indians in jail

• congress outlawed

• youth organizations banned

what was the communal award?

a statement that Willingdon wanted in any Indian constitution stating that Sikhs, Untouchables, Muslims and Hindus should have separate electorates. Gandhi was outraged because it went against everything he fought for and began a fast - unto death in jail

what was the poorna pact

an agreement to give untouchables 18% of central assembly electorate seats, every province would set aside a sum of money for education of untouchables + untouchables would no longer be a thing by reason of birth and could share facilities with other Hindus (although untouchables weren’t banned until much later on)

outline 4 main features of the Government of India Act

• dyarchy ended

• separate electorates were to continue as before

• provinces would control everything except defense and foreign affairs

• every province would have a governor that could act in emergencies only

when were the first elections to the provincial assemblies

1937

name two provinces congress took control of as a result of these elections

central provinces and madras

what was the name of the new party formed by Bose and what was it

Forward Bloc - a terrorist organization aimed at getting Britain to quit India. Bose traveled through India to gain support. The British arrested him fearing treason and uprisings, but he escaped. He attempted to convince Stalin to help with the Indian independence struggle but Stalin was preoccupied with the 1st stages of a Nazi invasion. Hitler feared collapse of British Raj would lead to Russia moving to take it over but the Nazis allowed them to work with the Japanese on possible land invasions

what was the basis of the August offer

• indian representation in executive council

• any decisions must be consulted by the ML as well

• a war advisory council would be established that would include the princes and other interested parties

2 pieces of evidence which illustrate the failure of the INA military campaign

• 600 INA soldiers deserted to the British

• 1,500 died from dysentery and malaria

why did the Muslim League not do very well in the elections

• no strong leadership until 1935 when Jinnah returned to India from self - imposed exile in England

• Jinnah worked hard to build up a power base but wasn’t able to find enough candidates to contest all the reserved Muslim seats

key features of the INA

INA was formed from Indian prisoners of war taken by the Japanese. Japan used the INA as a source of agents for spying in mainland India.

how did congress react to the outbreak of ww2

• sympathy with Britain in its struggle against fascism

• Gandhi urged Britain to renegotiate with Hitler peacefully

• not prepared to commit themselves to support a government that had not consulted them prior to the declaration of the war - not prepared to fight unless granted immediate swaraj

• no purna swaraj so congress leaders ordered all congress members to resign from provincial ministries - removed hundreds of Indians from official positions

how did the ML react to the outbreak of ww2

• able to strengthen their position as a result of congress resignations - league could work with Raj to support war effort and strengthen position in India

• Day of Deliverance called on all muslims to celebrate their release from Hindu control, public meetings were held + prayers of thanksgiving - muslim argument was with those who led congress not with their Hindu neighbours

• Jinnah emphasised need for Congress to recognise ML as an authoritative representative organization in India